Ngabe Ngisheshe Ngivivinyelwe I-HIV Kungekudala Ngini Ngaphandle Kwamakhondomu?

-Delile

• Kufanele uyihlolele nini i-HIV ngemuva kocansi olungenakhondomu?
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody okusheshayo
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nucleic acid
• Amakhithi wokuhlola ekhaya
• Ingabe kufanele ucabangele imithi yokuvimbela?
• Izinhlobo zocansi olungenakhondomu kanye nengozi ye-HIV
• Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokudluliswa kwe-HIV
• Ukuthatha

Ukubuka konke

Amakhondomu ayindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela ukudluliswa kwe-HIV ngesikhathi socansi. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abayisebenzisi noma abayisebenzisi ngokungaguquguquki. Amakhondomu nawo angahle aphule ngesikhathi socansi.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uvezwe i-HIV ngocansi ngaphandle kwekhondomu, noma ngenxa yekhondomu ephukile, yenza isikhathi sokubonana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uma ubona udokotela ngaphakathi, ungafaneleka ukuqala umuthi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-HIV. Ungasetha futhi i-aphoyintimenti yesikhathi esizayo ezohlolelwa i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs).

Akukho ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okungathola ngokunembile i-HIV emzimbeni ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvezwa. Kunesikhathi esibekiwe esaziwa njenge- “period period” ngaphambi kokuthi uhlolwe i-HIV bese uthola imiphumela eyiyo.

Funda kabanzi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngemithi yokuvimbela, ukuthi kunengqondo ngokushesha kangakanani emva kokuya ocansini ngaphandle kwamakhondomu ukuze kuhlolwe i-HIV, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlolelwa i-HIV, nezici eziyingozi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zocansi olungenamakhondomu.

Kufanele uyihlolele nini i-HIV ngemuva kocansi olungenakhondomu?

Kunenkathi yewindi phakathi kwesikhathi lapho umuntu eqala ukuvezwa yi-HIV nokuthi izovela nini ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolelwa i-HIV.

Ngalesi sikhathi sewindi, umuntu angahlola ukuthi akanalo i-HIV yize esethole i-HIV. Isikhathi sefasitela singahlala noma kuphi ukusuka ezinsukwini eziyishumi kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu, kuya ngomzimba wakho nohlobo lokuhlola oluthathayo.

Umuntu usengadlulisela i-HIV kwabanye ngalesi sikhathi. Eqinisweni, ukudluliswa kungaba nokwenzeka kakhulu ngoba kunamazinga aphezulu egciwane emzimbeni womuntu ngesikhathi sewindi.

Nakhu ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolelwa i-HIV nesikhathi sewindi ngalunye.

Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody okusheshayo

Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lukala ama-antibody e-HIV. Umzimba ungathatha izinyanga ezintathu ukukhiqiza la magciwane. Iningi labantu lizoba namasosha omzimba anele okuzotholakala ukuthi analo kungakapheli amasonto amathathu kuya kwayi-12 ngemuva kokuthola i-HIV. Emavikini ayi-12, noma izinyanga ezintathu, amaphesenti angama-97 abantu anamasosha omzimba anele ukuthola imiphumela eyiyo yokuhlolwa.

Uma umuntu enza lokhu kuhlolwa emasontweni amane ngemuva kokuchayeka, umphumela ongemuhle ungaba neqiniso, kepha kungcono ukuthi uphinde uvivinye ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu ukuze uqiniseke.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwesinye isikhathi kubhekiswa njengokuhlolwa okusheshayo kwama-antibody / antigen, noma ukuhlolwa kwesizukulwane sesine. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lunga-odwa kuphela ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Kufanele yenziwe elebhu.

Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lukala ama-antibodies kanye namazinga e-p24 antigen, angatholakala masonto amabili ngemuva kokuvezwa.

Ngokuvamile, iningi labantu lizokhiqiza ama-antigen nama-antibodies anele kulezi zivivinyo ukuthola i-HIV emasontweni amabili kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kokuvezwa. Uma uhlola ukuthi awunalo emavikini amabili ngemuva kokucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka uveziwe, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzoncoma olunye uvivinyo ngesonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili, njengoba lokhu kuhlolwa kungaba kubi ekuqaleni kokutheleleka.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nucleic acid

Ukuhlolwa kwe-nucleic acid (NAT) kungalinganisa inani legciwane kusampula yegazi futhi kunikeze umphumela omuhle / ongemuhle noma isibalo somthamo wegciwane.

Lezi zivivinyo zibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolelwa i-HIV, ngakho-ke udokotela uzo-oda eyodwa kuphela uma becabanga ukuthi kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi umuntu uvezwe i-HIV noma uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa ingaqinisekisiwe.

Kukhona imishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza eyanele etholakalayo ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle emva kwesonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngemuva kokuchayeka ku-HIV.

Amakhithi wokuhlola ekhaya

Amakhithi okuhlola ekhaya afana ne-OraQuick izivivinyo zama-antibody ongaziqedela ekhaya usebenzisa isampula loketshezi lomlomo. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, isikhathi sewindi se-OraQuick yizinyanga ezintathu.

Gcina engqondweni, uma ukholwa ukuthi uvezwe i-HIV, kubalulekile ukubona umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlola oluthatha ngemuva kokuvezwa okungenzeka kube yi-HIV, kufanele uphinde uhlolwe ngemuva kokuthi isikhathi sewindi sesidlulile ukuze siqiniseke. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV kufanele bahlolelwe njalo kaningi njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu.

Ingabe kufanele ucabangele imithi yokuvimbela?

Umuntu ukwazi ngokushesha kangakanani ukubona umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngemuva kokuchayeka kwi-HIV kungathinta kakhulu amathuba akhe okuthola igciwane.

Uma ukholwa ukuthi uvezwe i-HIV, vakashela umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kungakapheli amahora angama-72. Unganikezwa imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa igciwane ebizwa nge-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) enganciphisa ubungozi bokuthola i-HIV. I-PEP imvamisa iphuzwa kanye noma kabili nsuku zonke isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingama-28.

I-PEP inomthelela omncane noma awunawo umthelela uma ithathwa ngaphezu kokuchayeka kwi-HIV, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Imithi ayijwayele ukunikezwa ngaphandle kokuthi ingaqalwa ngaphakathi kwewindi lamahora angama-72.

Izinhlobo zocansi olungenakhondomu kanye nengozi ye-HIV

Ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini ngaphandle kwamakhondomu, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza emanzini oketshezi lomzimba womuntu oyedwa lingadluliselwa emzimbeni womunye umuntu ngezicubu zomlomo wepipi, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, kanye nendunu. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, i-HIV kungenzeka idluliswe ngokunqunywa noma ngokuqaqamba emlonyeni ngesikhathi socansi lomlomo.

Kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lobulili obungenakhondomu, i-HIV ingasakazeka kalula ngesikhathi socansi lwendunu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ulwelwesi lwendunu lubuthakathaka futhi luthambekele ekulimaleni, okunganikeza amaphuzu okungena kwe-HIV. Ucansi lwendunu olwamukelayo, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-bottoming, lubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola i-HIV kunokuya ocansini lwendunu lokufaka, noma ukukhipha.

I-HIV nayo ingadluliswa ngesikhathi socansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngaphandle kwekhondomu, yize ulwelwesi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane lungabanjwa kalula yizicubu nezinyembezi njengendunu.

Ingcuphe yokuthola i-HIV ocansini lomlomo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhondomu noma idamu lamazinyo liphansi kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-HIV idluliswe uma umuntu owenza ucansi lomlomo enezilonda zomlomo noma izinsini ezophayo, noma uma umuntu owathola ucansi lomlomo esanda kuthola i-HIV.

Ngaphezu kwe-HIV, ucansi lwangemuva, lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma lomlomo ngaphandle kwekhondomu noma idamu lamazinyo nakho kungaholela ekudlulisweni kwamanye ama-STI.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokudluliswa kwe-HIV

Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvikela ukudluliswa kwe-HIV ngesikhathi socansi ukusebenzisa ikhondomu. Lungiselela ikhondomu ngaphambi kokuthi kuhlangane ezocansi, ngoba i-HIV ingadluliselwa nge-pre-ejaculate, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kanye nangendunu.

Ama-lubricants angasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokudluliswa kwe-HIV ngokusiza ukuvikela izinyembezi zangemuva noma zangasese. Izinto zokuthambisa ezifanele nazo ziyasiza ekuvikeleni ukuthi amakhondomu angagqeki. Izithambisi zamanzi kuphela okufanele zisetshenziswe ngamakhondomu, ngoba i-lube esuselwa kuwoyela inganciphisa i-latex futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibangele ukuthi kuqhume amakhondomu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwedamu lamazinyo, ipulasitiki elincane noma ishidi le-latex elivimbela ukuthintana okuqondile phakathi komlomo nesitho sangasese noma indunu ngesikhathi socansi lomlomo, nakho kuyasebenza ekwehliseni ubungozi bokudluliswa kwe-HIV.

Kubantu abangaba nengozi ephezulu yokuthola i-HIV, imithi yokuvikela iyindlela. Imishanguzo ye-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) iyindlela yokwelashwa yama-antiretroviral yansuku zonke.

Wonke umuntu osengcupheni eyandayo ye-HIV kufanele aqale uhlobo lwemithi ye-PrEP, ngokwesincomo sakamuva esivela e-US Preventive Services Task Force. Lokhu kufaka noma ngubani ohlanganyela ocansini nabalingani abangaphezu koyedwa, noma osebudlelwaneni obuqhubekayo nomuntu onesimo sakhe se-HIV esingahle sivele noma asaziwa.

Yize i-PrEP ihlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa kwi-HIV, kusengcono ukusebenzisa amakhondomu futhi. I-PrEP ayinikeli ukuvikelwa kuma-STI ngaphandle kwe-HIV.

Ukuthatha

Khumbula, uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uvezwe i-HIV ngokuya ocansini ngaphandle kwekhondomu, yenza i-aphoyintimenti yokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngokushesha okukhulu. Bangancoma imithi ye-PEP ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuthola i-HIV. Bangabuye baxoxe ngomugqa wesikhathi omuhle wokuhlolelwa i-HIV, kanye nokuhlolelwa ezinye izifo zocansi.