Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Ucabanga Ukuthi Umntwana Wakho Oneminyaka Emine-4 Kungenzeka Abe Ku-Autism Spectrum

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-autism kumntwana oneminyaka engu-4?
• Amakhono omphakathi
• Amakhono olimi nokuxhumana
• Ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile
• Ezinye izimpawu ze-autism ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-4 ubudala
• Umehluko phakathi kwezimpawu ezimnene nezinzima
• Izinga 1
• Izinga 2
• Izinga 3
• I-autism itholakala kanjani?
• Imibuzo yemibuzo ye-Autism
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo

Yini i-autism?

I-Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) iyiqembu lezinkinga ze-neurodevelopmental ezithinta ubuchopho.

Izingane ezine-autism zifunda, zicabanga, futhi zizwe umhlaba ngokuhlukile kunezinye izingane. Bangabhekana namazinga ahlukahlukene enhlalo, ukuxhumana, kanye nezinselelo zokuziphatha.

I-ASD ithinta e-United States, ilinganisela izikhungo zokulawulwa nokuvimbelwa kwezifo.

Ezinye izingane ezine-autism azidingi ukwesekwa okuningi, kanti ezinye zizodinga ukwesekwa nsuku zonke kukho konke ukuphila kwazo.

Izimpawu ze-autism ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-4 kufanele zihlolwe ngokushesha. Lapho ingane ithola ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ingcono indlela ebheka ngayo izinto.

Ngenkathi izimpawu ze-autism kwesinye isikhathi zingabonakala ezinyangeni eziyi-12, iningi lezingane ezine-autism zithola ukuxilongwa ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala emi-3.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-autism kumntwana oneminyaka engu-4?

Izimpawu ze-autism zibonakala kakhulu njengoba izingane ziguga.

Ingane yakho ingabonisa ezinye zalezi zimpawu ze-autism:

Amakhono omphakathi

• ayiphenduli egameni labo
• igwema ukuthintana kwamehlo
• uncamela ukudlala wedwa kunokudlala nabanye
• ayihlanganyeli kahle nabanye noma ishintshane
• akabambi iqhaza ekuzenziseni ukudlala
• ayikhulumi izindaba
• akanantshisekelo ekuhlanganyeleni noma ekuhlanganyeleni nabanye
• akathandi noma ukugwema ngenkuthalo ukuthintana ngokomzimba
• akanantshisekelo noma akazi ukuthi angabenza kanjani abangane
• ayenzi ukubukeka kobuso noma yenza izinkulumo ezingafanele
• ayikwazi ukududuzwa kalula noma ukududuzwa
• unenkinga yokuveza noma ukukhuluma ngemizwa yabo
• unenkinga yokuqonda imizwa yabanye abantu

Amakhono olimi nokuxhumana

• ayikwazi ukwakha imisho
• uphinda amagama noma imishwana kaninginingi
• ayiphenduli imibuzo ngokufanele noma ilandele izinkomba
• ayiqondi ukubala noma isikhathi
• kuguqula izabizwana (ngokwesibonelo, kuthi “wena” esikhundleni sokuthi “Mina”)
• kuyaqabukela noma kungalokothi kusebenze ukushukuma komzimba noma ukukhuluma komzimba njengokuvayizisa noma ukukhomba
• ukhuluma ngezwi eliyisicaba noma lokucula
• ayiqondi amahlaya, ukubhuqa, noma ukugcona

Ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile

• yenza iminyakazo ephindaphindwayo (ishaya izandla, idwala emuva naphambili, ijikelezisa)
• ulayini amathoyizi noma ezinye izinto ngendlela ehlelekile
• uyacasuka noma akhungatheke ngezinguquko ezincane ezinhlelweni zansuku zonke
• idlala ngamathoyizi ngendlela efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi
• Uthanda izingxenye ezithile zezinto (imvamisa amasondo noma izingxenye ezijikelezayo)
• inezintshisekelo eziphakeme
• kufanele ilandele inqubo ethile

Ezinye izimpawu ze-autism ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-4 ubudala

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhambisana nezinye zezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla:

• ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukunakwa isikhathi esifushane
• ukungafisi
• ulaka
• ukuzilimaza (ukuzibhakela noma ukuziklwebha)
• intukuthelo
• ukusabela okungajwayelekile emisindweni, kunuka, ukuthanda, ukubuka, noma ukwakheka
• imikhuba yokudla nokulala engajwayelekile
• ukusabela okungafanele ngokomzwelo
• ikhombisa ukuntula ukwesaba noma ukwesaba okungaphezu kwalokho obekulindelekile

Umehluko phakathi kwezimpawu ezimnene nezinzima

I-ASD ifaka uhla olubanzi lwezibonakaliso nezimpawu ezinikezela ngamazinga ahlukahlukene obukhali.

Ngokwenqubo yokuxilonga ye-American Psychiatric Association, kunamazinga amathathu e-autism. Kususelwa ekutheni kudingeka ukwesekwa okungakanani. Izinga eliphansi, ukusekelwa okuncane kakhulu kuyadingeka.

Nakhu ukwehla kwamazinga:

Izinga 1

• isithakazelo esincane ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi noma emisebenzini yomphakathi
• ubunzima bokuqalisa ukuxhumana komphakathi noma ukugcina izingxoxo
• Inkinga ngokuxhumana okufanele (ivolumu noma ithoni yokukhuluma, ukufunda ukukhuluma komzimba, izinkomba zokuxhumana nabantu)
• unenkinga yokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko enkambisweni noma ekuziphatheni
• ubunzima bokwenza abangane

Izinga 2

• ubunzima bokubhekana noshintsho kumkhuba ojwayelekile noma oseduze
• ukuntuleka okukhulu kwamakhono okuxhumana ngamazwi nangamazwi
• izinselelo ezinzima futhi ezisobala zokuziphatha
• isimilo esiphindayo esiphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke
• ikhono elingajwayelekile noma elincishisiwe lokuxhumana noma lokuxhumana nabanye
• izintshisekelo ezincane, ezithile
• kudinga ukwesekwa nsuku zonke

Izinga 3

• ukukhubazeka ngamazwi noma ngamazwi
• amandla akhawulelwe wokuxhumana, kuphela lapho kudinga ukuhlangatshezwa
• isifiso esilinganiselwe kakhulu sokubandakanya umphakathi noma ukubamba iqhaza ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi
• ubunzima obukhulu bokubhekana noshintsho olungalindelekile kwinto ejwayelekile noma imvelo
• ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma ubunzima bokushintsha ukugxila noma ukunakwa
• isimilo esiphindaphindwayo, izintshisekelo ezihleliwe, noma izinkanuko ezidala ukukhubazeka okukhulu
• kudinga ukwesekwa okuphawulekayo kwansuku zonke

I-autism itholakala kanjani?

Odokotela bahlola i-autism ezinganeni ngokubabheka lapho bedlala nokuxhumana nabanye.

Kunemikhakha ethile yokuthuthuka etholwa yizingane eziningi ngesikhathi sezineminyaka engu-4, njengokuxoxa noma ukuxoxa indaba.

Uma ingane yakho eneminyaka engu-4 inezimpawu ze-autism, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe ukuze ahlolwe ngokuphelele.

Labachwepheshe bazobheka ingane yakho ngenkathi idlala, ifunda futhi ixhumana. Bazophinde bakhulume nawe mayelana nokuziphatha okuqaphelile ekhaya.

Ngenkathi iminyaka efanelekile yokuthola nokwelapha izimpawu ze-autism ineminyaka engu-3 nangaphansi, lapho ingane yakho ithola ukwelashwa ngokushesha, iba ngcono.

Ngaphansi koMthetho Wabantu Abakhubazekile Wezemfundo (IDEA), zonke izifunda kudingeka ukuthi zinikeze imfundo eyanele ezinganeni ezifunda isikole ngezinkinga zentuthuko.

Xhumana nesifunda sendawo yangakini ukuthola ukuthi iziphi izinsiza ezikhona zezingane ezineminyaka yobudala esenkulisa. Ungabheka futhi lo mhlahlandlela wezinsizakusebenza ovela ku-Autism Speaks ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo ezikhona esifundazweni sakho.

Imibuzo yemibuzo ye-Autism

Uhlu Lokuhlola Olushintshiwe lwe-Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) luyithuluzi lokuhlola abazali nabanakekeli abangalisebenzisa ukukhomba izingane ezingaba ne-autism.

Le mibuzo ivame ukusetshenziselwa izingane ezisacathula kuze kube yiminyaka engu-2 1/2 ubudala, kepha isengasebenza ezinganeni kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala. Ayinikezi ukuxilongwa, kepha ingakunika umbono wokuthi ingane yakho imi kuphi.

Uma imiphumela yengane yakho kulolu hlu lokuhlola iphakamisa ukuthi ingaba ne-autism, vakashela udokotela wengane yakho noma uchwepheshe we-autism. Bangakuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Khumbula ukuthi lolu hla lwemibuzo luvame ukusetshenziselwa izingane ezincane. Umntwana wakho oneminyaka engu-4 ubudala angawela ebangeni elijwayelekile ngaleli phepha lemibuzo futhi abe ne-autism noma esinye isifo sokukhula. Kungcono ukuwayisa kudokotela wabo.

Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Autism Speaks zinikeza le mibuzo online.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo

Izimpawu ze-autism zivame ukubonakala ngeminyaka engu-4 ubudala. Uma uzibonile izimpawu ze-autism enganeni yakho, kubalulekile ukuthi uzihlolele udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ungaqala ngokuya kudokotela wezingane wengane yakho ukuze achaze ukukhathazeka kwakho. Bangakudlulisela kuchwepheshe endaweni yangakini.

Ochwepheshe abangaxilonga izingane ezine-autism bafaka:

• odokotela bezingane abasathuthuka
• izazi zezinzwa zezingane
• izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo yezingane
• odokotela bengqondo bezingane

Uma ingane yakho ithola ukuxilongwa kwe-autism, ukwelashwa kuzoqala ngokushesha. Uzosebenza nodokotela bengane yakho nesifunda sesikole sakho ukudweba uhlelo lokwelashwa ukuze umbono wengane yakho ube yimpumelelo.