Umdlavuza Wesikhumba

-Delile

• Buyekeza kwe-

Umdlavuza wesikhumba umdlavuza owakha ezicutshini zesikhumba. Ngo-2008, bekulinganiselwa ukuthi kube nezigameko ezintsha ezilinganiselwa esigidini (ezingezona imelanoma) zomdlavuza wesikhumba ezatholwa kanye nokufa kwabantu abangaphansi kuka-1,000. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wesikhumba:

• Amafomu e-melanoma kuma-melanocyte (amangqamuzana esikhumba enza umbala)

• Amafomu e-basal cell carcinoma kumaseli we-basal (amangqamuzana amancane, ayindilinga phansi koqweqwe olungaphandle lwesikhumba)

• Amafomu e-squamous cell carcinoma kumaseli angama-squamous (amaseli ayizicaba akha ubuso besikhumba)

• Amafomu e-Neuroendocrine carcinoma kumaseli e-neuroendocrine (amaseli akhulula amahomoni esabela kumasignali avela ohlelweni lwezinzwa)

Izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wesikhumba zakha kubantu asebekhulile ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezichayeke elangeni noma kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ukuvimbela kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo.

Mayelana nesikhumba

Isikhumba isitho esikhulu somzimba. Kuvikela ekushiseni, ekukhanyeni, ekulimaleni nasekuthelelekeni. Kuyasiza ukulawula ukushisa komzimba. Igcina amanzi namafutha. Isikhumba siphinde sikhiqize uvithamini D.

Isikhumba sinezingqimba ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• I-Epidermis. I-epidermis iyingqimba ephezulu yesikhumba. Wenziwe kakhulu ngamangqamuzana ayizicaba, noma amagebhugebhu. Ngaphansi kwamaseli e-squamous engxenyeni ejulile ye-epidermis kunamaseli ayindilinga abizwa ngokuthi ama-basal cell. Amaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocyte enza i-pigment (umbala) etholakala esikhumbeni futhi atholakala engxenyeni engezansi ye-epidermis.

• UDermis. I-dermis ingaphansi kwe-epidermis. Iqukethe imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi nezindlala. Ezinye zalezi zindlala zikhiqiza umjuluko, osiza ukupholisa umzimba. Ezinye izindlala zenza i-sebum. I-Sebum iwuketshezi olunamafutha esiza ukuthi isikhumba singomi. Umjuluko kanye ne-sebum kufika ebusweni besikhumba ngezimbotshana ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-pores.

Ukuqonda umdlavuza wesikhumba

Umdlavuza wesikhumba uqala kumaseli, izakhiwo zokwakha isikhumba. Ngokuvamile, amangqamuzana esikhumba ayakhula futhi ahlukane ukuze akhe amaseli amasha. Nsuku zonke amangqamuzana esikhumba aguga futhi afe, futhi amaseli amasha ayathatha indawo yawo.

Kwesinye isikhathi, le nqubo yokuhleleka ayihambi kahle. Amaseli amasha akha lapho isikhumba singawadingi, futhi amangqamuzana amadala awafi lapho kufanele. Lawa maseli angeziwe angakha isisindo sezicubu ezibizwa ngokuthi ukukhula noma isimila.

Ukukhula noma izimila zingaba zimbi noma zibe yingozi:

• Ukukhula okuhle akuwona umdlavuza:

o Ukukhula okuhle akuvamile ukuthi kube yingozi empilweni.

o Ngokujwayelekile, izitshalo ezinobuhle zingasuswa. Ngokuvamile azikhuli futhi.

Amaseli aqhamuka ezikhungweni ezinobungozi awahlaseli izicubu ezibazungezile.

Amaseli aqhamuka kokumila okuhle awasabalali aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Iziqu ezingezinhle ngumdlavuza:

o Ukukhula okubi kakhulu kubucayi kakhulu kunokukhula okuyingozi. Zingasongela impilo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba zibangela cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayizinkulungwane ababulawa ngumdlavuza.

Iziqu ezinyantisayo kaningi zingasuswa. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ziyakhula futhi.

Amaseli aqhamuka ezibukweni ezimbi angahlasela futhi alimaze izicubu nezitho zomzimba eziseduze.

o Amaseli avela kwezinye izimila eziyingozi angasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukusabalala komdlavuza kubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis.

Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba ngumdlavuza we-basal cell kanye nomdlavuza weseli osabekayo. Lawa mdlavuza uvame ukwakheka ekhanda, ebusweni, entanyeni, ezandleni nasezingalweni, kepha umdlavuza wesikhumba kungenzeka noma kuphi.

• Umdlavuza wesikhumba wesisekelo se-Basal ukhula kancane. Imvamisa kwenzeka ezindaweni zesikhumba ebeziselangeni. Kuvame kakhulu ebusweni. Umdlavuza we-basal cell awuvamile ukusabalala uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Umdlavuza wesikhumba ohlaselayo ubuye ubonakale nasezingxenyeni zesikhumba ebeziselangeni. Kodwa futhi kungase kube ezindaweni ezingekho elangeni. Umdlavuza we-squamous cell kwesinye isikhathi usakazekela kuma-lymph node nasezitho zomzimba ngaphakathi komzimba.

Uma umdlavuza wesikhumba usakazeka usuka endaweni yawo yokuqala uye kwenye ingxenye yomzimba, ukukhula okusha kunohlobo olufanayo lwamangqamuzana angavamile kanye negama elifanayo nelokukhula okuyinhloko. Usabizwa ngomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ngubani osengozini?

Odokotela abakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani umuntu eba nomdlavuza wesikhumba kanti omunye engenawo. Kepha ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abantu abanezinto ezithile eziyingozi banamathuba amaningi okuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba kunabanye. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (UV) ivela elangeni, kumalambu elanga, emibhedeni yokushukwa kwesikhumba, noma ezindlini zokushuka. Ingozi yomuntu yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ihlobene nokuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV impilo yonke. Iningi lomdlavuza wesikhumba uvela ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, kepha ilanga lilimaza isikhumba kusukela usencane.

Imisebe ye-UV ithinta wonke umuntu. Kepha abantu abanesikhumba esihle esishwabana noma esisheke kalula basengozini enkulu. Laba bantu bavame ukuba nezinwele ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe namehlo anombala okhanyayo. Kepha ngisho nabantu abashuka bangathola umdlavuza wesikhumba.

Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezithola amazinga aphezulu emisebe ye-UV basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesikhumba. E-United States, izindawo eziseningizimu (njengeTexas neFlorida) zithola imisebe eminingi ye-UV kunezindawo ezisenyakatho (njengeMinnesota). Futhi, abantu abahlala ezintabeni bathola amazinga aphezulu emisebe ye-UV.

Ukuze ugcine engqondweni: Imisebe ye-UV ikhona noma kubanda noma ngosuku oluguqubele.

• Izibazi noma ukusha esikhumbeni

• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane athile e-papilloma womuntu

• Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba okungapheli noma izilonda zesikhumba

• Izifo ezenza isikhumba sizwele elangeni, njenge-xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism, ne-basal cell nevus syndrome

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

• Izimo zezokwelapha noma izidakamizwa ezicindezela amasosha omzimba

• Umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza wesikhumba owodwa noma ngaphezulu

• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba

• I-Actinic keratosis wuhlobo lokukhula okuyisicaba, okunesikhumba esikhunjeni. Kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezivezwe yilanga, ikakhulukazi ebusweni nasemhlane wezandla. Ukukhula kungahle kubonakale njengamabala amancanyana abomvu noma ansundu esikhunjeni. Zingahle zibonakale njengokuqhekeka noma ukuxebuka kodebe olungezansi olungapholi. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, inani elincane lalokhu kukhula kwe-scaly lingaphenduka umdlavuza wamangqamuzana e-squamous.

• Isifo sikaBowen, uhlobo lwesikhumba noma isikhumba esijiyile esikhunjeni, singaphenduka sibe ngumdlavuza wesikhumba ongcolile.

Uma othile enohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphandle kwe-melanoma, ingozi yokuthola olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza ingaphindeka kabili, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, ubuhlanga noma izinto zokuphila ezifana nokubhema. Izinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza wesikhumba ezivame kakhulu -- i-basal cell kanye ne-squamous cell carcinomas -- zivame ukubhekwa njengezingenabungozi, kodwa zingase zibe yisixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi somdlavuza webele, ikholoni, wamaphaphu, isibindi nama-ovaries, phakathi kokunye. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuhlobana okuncane kodwa okubalulekile.

Izimpawu

Iningi lomdlavuza wesikhumba we-basal cell kanye ne-squamous cell lingelapheka uma litholakala futhi zelashwa kusenesikhathi.

Ushintsho esikhumbeni luwuphawu oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Lokhu kungaba ukukhula okusha, isifo esingapholi, noma ushintsho ekukhuleni okudala. Akuwona wonke umdlavuza wesikhumba obukeka ngendlela efanayo. Izinguquko zesikhumba ozozibuka:

• Isigaxa esincane, esibushelelezi, esicwebezelayo, esiphaphathekile noma esimnyama

• Igaqa eliqinile, elibomvu

• Isilonda noma isigaxa esopha noma esiphuma uqweqwe noma utwayi

• Indawo ebomvu eyisicaba enokhahlo, eyomile noma enesikhumba futhi ingahle ilume noma ithambe

• Isigaxa esibomvu noma esinsundu esimahhadlahhadla nesinamafutha

Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza wesikhumba ubuhlungu, kodwa ngokuvamile awubi njalo.

Ukuhlola isikhumba sakho ngezikhathi ezithile ukubona ukukhula okusha noma ezinye izinguquko kuwumqondo omuhle. Khumbula ukuthi ushintsho alulona uphawu oluqinisekile lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ubike noma yiluphi ushintsho kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngokushesha. Ungase udinge ukubonana nodokotela wesikhumba, udokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni izinkinga zesikhumba.

Ukuxilongwa

Uma unoshintsho esikhunjeni, udokotela kufanele athole ukuthi ngabe kungenxa yomdlavuza noma kwesinye isizathu. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza i-biopsy, asuse yonke indawo noma ingxenye yendawo engabonakali evamile. Isampuli iya ebhodini lapho udokotela wezifo ezihlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. I-biopsy ukuphela kwendlela eqinisekile yokuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba.

Kunezinhlobo ezine ezivamile zesikhumba se-biopsies:

1.I-Punch biopsy - ithuluzi elibukhali, elingenalutho lisetshenziselwa ukususa isiyingi sezicubu endaweni engajwayelekile.

2. I-incisional biopsy - i-scalpel isetshenziselwa ukususa ingxenye yokukhula.

3. I-Excisional biopsy--i-scalpel isetshenziselwa ukususa konke ukukhula kanye nezicubu ezizungezile.

4. Shave biopsy - insimbi encane, ebukhali isetshenziselwa ukushefa ukukhula okungavamile.

Uma i-biopsy ikhombisa ukuthi unomdlavuza, udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi izinga (isigaba) sesifo. Ezimweni ezimbalwa kakhulu, udokotela angahlola ama-lymph node akho ukuze abeke umdlavuza.

Isiteji sisuselwa ku:

* Usayizi wokukhula

* Yeka ukuthi ikhule kangakanani ngaphansi koqweqwe olungaphezulu lwesikhumba

Noma ngabe isabalalele kuma-lymph node aseduze noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba

Izigaba zomdlavuza wesikhumba:

* Isigaba 0: Umdlavuza ubandakanya kuphela ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba. I-carcinoma in situ.

Isigaba I: Ukukhula kungamasentimitha ama-2 ububanzi (amakota amathathu we-intshi) noma amancane.

* Isigaba II: Ukukhula kukhulu kunamasentimitha angu-2 ububanzi (amakota amathathu e-intshi).

Isigaba III: Umdlavuza usabalale ngaphansi kwesikhumba kuya ku-cartilage, muscle, bone, noma kuma-lymph node aseduze. Akusakazekanga nakwezinye izindawo emzimbeni.

* Isigaba IV: Umdlavuza ususabalele nakwezinye izindawo emzimbeni.

Kwesinye isikhathi wonke umdlavuza uyasuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba. Ezimweni ezinjalo, akusadingeki ukwelashwa. Uma udinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, udokotela wakho uzochaza izinketho zakho.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba kuya ngohlobo nesigaba sesifo, ubukhulu nendawo esikhule kuyo, kanye nomlando wakho wezempilo nowezokwelapha. Ezimweni eziningi, inhloso yokwelashwa ukususa noma ukuqeda umdlavuza ngokuphelele.

Ukuhlinzwa kuwukwelapha okuvamile kubantu abanomdlavuza wesikhumba. Imidlavuza eminingi yesikhumba ingasuswa ngokushesha futhi kalula. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angaphakamisa i-topical chemotherapy, i-photodynamic therapy, noma i-radiation therapy.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wesikhumba kungenziwa ngenye yezindlela ezimbalwa. Indlela udokotela wakho ayisebenzisayo iya ngosayizi nendawo yokukhula nezinye izinto.

• Ukuhlinzwa kwesikhumba kuyindlela evamile yokwelapha ukususa umdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngemva kokuba ndikindiki indawo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ukukhula nge-scalpel. Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa nemingcele yesikhumba ezungeze ukukhula. Lesi sikhumba siwumkhawulo. Imajini ihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaseli omdlavuza asusiwe. Ubukhulu bemajini buncike kusayizi wokukhula.

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs (okubizwa nangokuthi i-Mohs micrographic surgery) kuvame ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wesikhumba. Indawo yokukhula idikibalisiwe. Udokotela ohlinzayo oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile uphuca izingqimba ezincane zalesi sitshalo. Ungqimba ngalunye lubhekwa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Udokotela ohlinzayo uyaqhubeka nokuphuca izicubu kuze kube yilapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza angabonwa ngesibonakhulu. Ngale ndlela, udokotela ohlinzayo angawususa wonke umdlavuza kanye nezicubu ezincane kuphela ezinempilo.

• I-Electrodesiccation kanye ne-curettage ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukususa umdlavuza wesikhumba we-basal cell. Udokotela uyindikindiki indawo ezokwelashwa. Umdlavuza ususwa nge-curette, ithuluzi elibukhali elimise okwe-spoon. Kuthunyelwa amandla kagesi endaweni ephethwe ukulawula ukopha nokubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angahle asele. I-Electrodesiccation kanye ne-curettage ngokuvamile iyinqubo esheshayo nelula.

• I-Cryosurgery ivame ukusetshenziswa kubantu abangakwazi ukwenza ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa. Isebenzisa amakhaza kakhulu ukwelapha isigaba sokuqala noma umdlavuza wesikhumba omncane kakhulu. I-nitrogen ewuketshezi idala amakhaza. Udokotela ufaka i-nitrogen engamanzi ngqo ekukhuleni kwesikhumba. Lokhu kwelashwa kungadala ukuvuvukala. Kungalimaza nezinzwa, ezingadala ukulahlekelwa umuzwa endaweni eyonakele.

• Ukuhlinzwa nge-Laser kusebenzisa umsebe omncane wokukhanya ukususa noma ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhula okusesendlaleni sangaphandle sesikhumba kuphela.

Ama-graft kwesinye isikhathi ayadingeka ukuvala imbobo esikhumbeni esishiye ngokuhlinzwa. Udokotela ohlinzayo uqala abe ndikindiki bese esusa isiqeshana sesikhumba esinempilo kwenye ingxenye yomzimba, enjengethanga eliphezulu. Isiqephu bese sisetshenziselwa ukumboza indawo lapho kukhishwe khona umdlavuza wesikhumba. Uma uhlonyelwa isikhumba, kungadingeka ukuthi unakekele indawo ngokukhethekile ize ilulame.

Thumela-op

Isikhathi esithathayo ukuphulukisa ngemva kokuhlinzwa sihlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Ungahle ungakhululeki ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, umuthi uvame ukulawula ubuhlungu. Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, kufanele uxoxe ngohlelo lokudambisa izinhlungu nodokotela noma nonesi wakho. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angakwazi ukulungisa uhlelo.

Ukuhlinzwa cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kushiya uhlobo oluthile lwesibazi. Ubukhulu nombala wesibazi kuya ngosayizi womdlavuza, uhlobo lokuhlinzwa nokuthi isikhumba sakho siphola kanjani.

Kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa, kufaka phakathi ukufakelwa kwesikhumba noma ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha, kubalulekile ukulandela izeluleko zikadokotela wakho ngokugeza, ukushefa, ukuzivocavoca umzimba noma eminye imisebenzi.

I-topical chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilwa nomdlavuza ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza wesikhumba. Lapho umuthi ufakwa ngqo esikhunjeni, ukwelashwa yi-topical chemotherapy. Isetshenziswa kakhulu uma umdlavuza wesikhumba mkhulu kakhulu ukuthi ungahlinzwa. Iphinde isetshenziswe lapho udokotela eqhubeka nokuthola umdlavuza omusha.

Imvamisa, umuthi ufika ngokhilimu noma i-lotion. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa esikhumbeni kanye noma kabili ngosuku amasonto ambalwa. Umuthi obizwa nge-fluorouracil (5-FU) usetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaseli weseli kanye nama-squamous cell asesendleleni esiphezulu sesikhumba kuphela. Umuthi obizwa ngokuthi yi-imiquimod nawo usetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-basal cell kuphela engxenyeni ephezulu yesikhumba.

Le mithi ingase ibangele isikhumba sakho sibe bomvu noma sivuvuke. Ingase futhi ilume, ilimaze, iqhume, noma ibe nokuqubuka. Kungaba buhlungu noma kuzwele elangeni. Lezi zinguquko zesikhumba ngokuvamile ziyahamba ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. I-topical chemotherapy ngokuvamile ayishiyi isibazi. Uma isikhumba esinempilo sibomvu kakhulu noma siluhlaza uma umdlavuza wesikhumba welashwa, udokotela wakho angayeka ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Photodynamic

I-Photodynamic therapy (PDT) isebenzisa ikhemikhali kanye nomthombo wokukhanya okhethekile, njengesibani se-laser, ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ikhemikhali lingumenzeli we-photosensitizing. Ukhilimu ufakwa esikhumbeni noma ikhemikhali ijovwe. Ihlala kumaseli womdlavuza isikhathi eside kunamaseli ajwayelekile. Ngemuva kwamahora noma izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukukhanya okukhethekile kugxile ekukhuleni. Ikhemikhali liyasebenza futhi libhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza aseduze.

I-PDT isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza ngaphakathi noma eduze kakhulu kwesikhumba.

Imiphumela emibi ye-PDT imvamisa ayinzima. I-PDT ingadala ubuhlungu obushisayo noma obuhlabayo. Kungadala nokusha, ukuvuvukala, noma ukubomvu. Kungase kubangele izicubu ezinempilo eduze nokukhula. Uma une-PDT, uzodinga ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga nokukhanya okukhanyayo kwasendlini okungenani amaviki angu-6 ngemva kokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

I-radiation therapy (ebuye ibizwe nge-radiotherapy) isebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Imisebe ivela emshinini omkhulu ongaphandle komzimba. Athinta amaseli kuphela endaweni ephethwe. Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo ngethamo elilodwa noma imithamo eminingi emasontweni ambalwa.

Imisebe akuyona indlela ejwayelekile yokwelapha umdlavuza wesikhumba. Kepha ingasetshenziselwa umdlavuza wesikhumba ezindaweni lapho ukuhlinzwa kungaba nzima khona noma kushiye isibazi esibi. Ungase ube nalokhu kwelashwa uma unokukhula esibonelweni sakho, endlebeni, noma ekhaleni. Ingase futhi isetshenziswe uma umdlavuza ubuya ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze uwususe.

Imiphumela emibi incike kakhulu kumthamo wemisebe nengxenye yomzimba wakho elashwa. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa isikhumba sakho endaweni elashwa singaba bomvu, somile futhi sibe nethenda. Udokotela wakho angaphakamisa izindlela zokuqeda imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Ukunakekelwa kokulandelela

Ukunakekelwa kokulandelela ngemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba kubalulekile. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukutakula kwakho futhi ahlole umdlavuza omusha wesikhumba. Umdlavuza wesikhumba omusha uvame kakhulu kunokusabalala komdlavuza wesikhumba. Ukuhlolwa njalo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko empilweni yakho ziyaphawulwa futhi zelashwe uma kudingeka. Phakathi kokuvakasha okuhleliwe, kufanele uhlole isikhumba sakho njalo. Xhumana nodokotela uma ubona noma yini engavamile. Kubalulekile futhi ukulandela izeluleko zikadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba futhi.

Indlela yokwenza ukuzihlola kwesikhumba

Udokotela noma umhlengikazi wakho angakuphakamisa ukuthi uzihlole njalo isikhumba ukuze uhlole umdlavuza wesikhumba, kufaka phakathi i-melanoma.

Isikhathi esihle sokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngemuva kokugeza noma ukugeza. Kufanele uhlole isikhumba sakho egumbini elinokukhanya okuningi. Sebenzisa kokubili isibuko esigcwele nesibuko esiphethwe ngesandla. Kungcono ukuqala ngokufunda ukuthi akuphi izimpawu zakho zokuzalwa, ama-moles, namanye amamaki kanye nokubukeka kwawo okujwayelekile nomuzwa.

Hlola noma yini entsha:

* Imvukuzane entsha (ebukeka yehlukile kwamanye ama-moles akho)

Umbala omusha obomvu noma omnyama onamabala angahle aphakanyiswe kancane

* Iqhubu elisha eliqinile elinombala wenyama

* Shintsha usayizi, umumo, umbala, noma umuzwa wemvukuzane

* Ubuhlungu obungapholi

Zihlole kusuka ekhanda kuye ozwaneni. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola umhlane wakho, isikhumba sekhanda, indawo yesitho sangasese, naphakathi kwezinqe zakho.

* Bheka ubuso bakho, intamo, izindlebe, nekhanda. Ungahle uthande ukusebenzisa ikama noma umshini wokomisa ukushaya ukuhambisa izinwele zakho ukuze ubone kangcono. Ungase futhi ufune ukuthi isihlobo noma umngane ahlole izinwele zakho. Kungaba nzima ukuhlola isikhumba sakho sekhanda wedwa.

* Bheka ngaphambili nangemuva komzimba wakho esibukweni. Ngemuva kwalokho, phakamisa izingalo zakho bese ubheka izinhlangothi zakho zesobunxele nezingakwesokudla.

Bend izindololwane zakho. Bheka ngokucophelela izinzipho zakho, izintende zezandla, izingalo zakho (kuhlanganise nezingaphansi), nezingalo ezingaphezulu.

* Hlola emuva, ngaphambili, nasezinhlangothini zemilenze yakho. Futhi bheka indawo yakho yobulili naphakathi kwezinqe zakho.

Hlala uhlolisise izinyawo zakho, kufaka phakathi izinzwane zakho, amathe akho nezikhala eziphakathi kwezinzwani zakho.

Ngokuhlola isikhumba sakho njalo, uzofunda okujwayelekile kuwe. Kungase kube usizo ukurekhoda izinsuku zokuhlolwa kwesikhumba sakho nokubhala amanothi ngendlela isikhumba sakho esibukeka ngayo. Uma udokotela wakho ethathe izithombe zesikhumba sakho, ungaqhathanisa isikhumba sakho nezithombe ukusiza ukuhlola izinguquko. Uma uthola noma yini engajwayelekile, bona udokotela wakho.

Ukuvimbela

Indlela engcono yokuvikela umdlavuza wesikhumba ukuzivikela elangeni. Futhi, vikela izingane kusukela zisencane. Odokotela basikisela ukuthi abantu bayo yonke iminyaka banciphisa isikhathi sabo elangeni futhi bagweme eminye imithombo yemisebe ye-UV:

• Kungcono kakhulu ukungangeni elangeni lasemini (kusukela phakathi nokusa kuze kube ntambama) noma nini lapho ungakwazi. Imisebe ye-UV iqine kakhulu phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama. Kufanele futhi uzivikele emisebeni ye-UV eboniswa isihlabathi, amanzi, iqhwa neqhwa. Imisebe ye-UV ingahamba ngezingubo ezilula, amafasitela angaphambili, amawindi namafu.

• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen nsuku zonke. Cishe amaphesenti angu-80 omuntu ovamile ukuba elangeni ukuphila kwakhe konke kuyazenzekela. Isikrini esivikela ilanga singasiza ekuvikeleni umdlavuza wesikhumba, ikakhulukazi i-sunscreen ebanzi ebanzi (ukuhlunga imisebe ye-UVB ne-UVA) enesici sokuvikela ilanga (SPF) okungenani esingu-15. Khumbula, futhi ukuthi usavezwa yimisebe ye-UV ezinsukwini ezinamafu: Ngisho ngosuku olumnyama, olunemvula, amaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangu-30 emisebe ye-UV angena emafwini. Ngosuku olunamafu, amaphesenti angama-60 kuye kwangama-70 ayadlula, futhi uma kungafiphele, cishe yonke imisebe ye-UV izokufinyelela.

• Gcoba kahle i-sunscreen. Okokuqala qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa okwanele--i-ounce eyodwa (ingilazi yokudutshulwa egcwele) yomzimba wakho wonke. Hlanganisa imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokushaya ilanga. Ungakhohlwa ukumboza izindawo abantu abavame ukugeja: izindebe, izandla, izindlebe, namakhala. Faka isicelo kabusha njalo ngemva kwamahora amabili--ngosuku olwandle kufanele usebenzise ibhodlela lama-ounce angu-8 kuwena kuphela--kodwa ukhumule ithawula kuqala; amanzi anciphisa i-SPF.

• Gqoka imikhono emide namabhulukwe amade ezindwangu ezilukwe ngokuqinile nemibala emnyama. Isikibha sikakotini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esimnyama, isibonelo, sine-UPF engu-10, kanti emhlophe iba ngu-7. Khumbula ukuthi uma izingubo zimanzi, ukuvikelwa kwehla ngesigamu. Khetha isigqoko esinomphetho obanzi-- okungenani esingamayintshi angu-2 ukuya kwangu-3 nxazonke--nezibuko zelanga ezimunca i-UV. Ungase futhi uthande ukuzama izingubo ze-UPF. Iphathwa ngengubo ekhethekile ukusiza ukuthola imisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB. Njenge-SPF, i-UPF ephezulu (isukela ku-15 kuye ku-50+), ivikela kakhulu.

• Khetha izibuko zelanga ezibhalwe ngokusobala ukuvimba okungenani amaphesenti angama-99 emisebe ye-UV; akubona bonke abakwenzayo. Ama-lens abanzi azosivikela kangcono isikhumba esibucayi esiseduze kwamehlo akho, ingasaphathwa eyakho amehlo (ukuvezwa kwe-UV kungaba nomthelela ekubhekaneni nolwelwesi nasekulahlekelweni kombono kamuva empilweni).

• Hlala kude nezibani zelanga namadokodo okushuka.

• Hamba. Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseRutgers babonise ukuthi amagundane asebenzayo aba nomdlavuza wesikhumba omncane kunalawo ahlala phansi, futhi ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi okufanayo kuyasebenza nakubantu. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuqinisa amasosha omzimba, mhlawumbe kusize umzimba ukuthi uzivikele kangcono kumdlavuza.

Kushintshwe ngokwengxenye kusuka kuNational Cancer Institute (www.cancer.gov)

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