): ziyini, izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezimpawu

-Delile

• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
• 1. I-Staphylococcus aureus
• 2. I-Staphylococcus epidermidis
• 3. I-Staphylococcus saprophyticus

I-Staphylococci ihambelana neqembu lamagciwane ane-gram-positive anomumo oyindilinga, atholakala eqoqwe ngamaqoqo, afana nenqwaba yamagilebhisi futhi uhlobo lubizwa I-Staphylococcus.

Lawa mabhaktheriya akhona ngokwemvelo kubantu ngaphandle kophawu lokugula. Kodwa-ke, lapho amasosha omzimba engathuthuki, njengakwisimo sezinsana, noma senziwa buthaka, ngenxa yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukuguga, ngokwesibonelo, amagciwane ohlobo I-Staphylococcus zingangena emzimbeni zidale izifo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

I-Staphylococci mancane, amabhaktheriya angahambeki ahlelwe ngamaqoqo futhi angatholakala ngokwemvelo kubantu, ikakhulukazi esikhunjeni nasezilwaneni ezinamafinyila, angabangeli noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-staph zingama-anaerobic, okusho ukuthi, ziyakwazi ukukhula endaweni enomoya-mpilo noma ngaphandle kwawo.

Izinhlobo ze I-Staphylococcus ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili ngokusho nokuba khona kwe-enzyme ye-coagulase. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezine-enzyme zibizwa nge-positive coagulase, the I-Staphylococcus aureus okuwukuphela kohlobo kuleli qembu, nezinhlobo ezingenalo kubizwa ngokuthi yi-coagulase negative staphylococci, izinhlobo zazo eziyinhloko I-Staphylococcus epidermidis futhi I-Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

1. I-Staphylococcus aureus

O I-Staphylococcus aureus, noma S. aureus, luhlobo lwe-staphylococcus oluvame ukutholakala esikhumbeni nase-mucosa yabantu, ikakhulukazi emlonyeni nasekhaleni, kungabangeli sifo. Kodwa-ke, lapho amasosha omzimba entengantenga, i S. aureus ingangena emzimbeni futhi idale izifo ezingaba mnene, njenge-folliculitis, noma ezinzima, njenge-sepsis, ngokwesibonelo, ezingabeka impilo yomuntu engcupheni.

Leli gciwane lingatholakala kalula endaweni yesibhedlela, futhi lingadala ukutheleleka okunzima okunzima ukuselapha ngenxa yokumelana okutholakele kwamagciwane ngama-antibiotic ahlukahlukene.

O I-Staphylococcus aureus ingangena emzimbeni ngamanxeba noma ngezinaliti, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasesibhedlela, abasebenzisa imishanguzo yokujova noma abadinga ukuthatha imijovo ye-penicillin njalo, ngokwesibonelo, kepha futhi ingadluliselwa isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye ngokuxhumana ngqo noma ngamaconsi ukwethula emoyeni ngokukhwehlela nokuthimula.

Ukukhonjwa kokutheleleka nge I-Staphylococcus aureus kwenziwa ngezivivinyo ze-microbiological ezingenziwa kunoma iyiphi into, okungukuthi, uketshezi lwesilonda, umchamo, amathe noma igazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhonjwa kwe- S. aureus ingenziwa nge-coagulase, ngoba ukuphela kohlobo lwe I-Staphylococcus onayo le enzyme ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi yi-coagulase enhle. Bona okuningi ngokukhomba S. aureus.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngo S. aureus ziyehluka ngohlobo lokutheleleka, uhlobo lokutheleleka nesimo somuntu. Ngakho-ke, kungahle kube nobuhlungu, ububomvu nokuvuvukala esikhunjeni, lapho amabhaktheriya anda esikhunjeni, noma umkhuhlane omkhulu, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ikhanda elibuhlungu nokuqaqamba komzimba, okuvame ukukhomba ukuthi amabhaktheriya akhona egazini.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge I-Staphylococcus aureus kuyehluka ngokuya ngephrofayili yakho yokuzwela kuya kuma-antimicrobial, angahluka ngokuya komuntu nasesibhedlela okuso, uma kunjalo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela ucabangela isimo sempilo yesiguli kanye nezimpawu ezivezwa yisiguli, ngaphezu kwezinye izifo ezingahle zibe khona. Imvamisa udokotela uncoma ukusebenzisa iMethicillin, iVancomycin noma i-Oxacillin izinsuku ezi-7 kuya kweziyi-10.

2. I-Staphylococcus epidermidis

O I-Staphylococcus epidermidis noma S. epidermidis, kanye ne S. aureus, ivame ukuba khona esikhumbeni, ingabangeli noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo. Kodwa-ke, i- S. epidermidis kungathathwa njengosomathuba, ngoba iyakwazi ukudala izifo lapho amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka noma engathuthuki kahle, njengakwisibonelo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ngokwesibonelo.

O S. epidermidis kungenye yamagciwane amancane ahlukaniswe neziguli ezibhedlela, ngoba ngokwemvelo ikhona esikhumbeni, futhi ukuzihlukanisa kwaso kuvame ukubhekwa njengokungcola kwesampula. Kodwa-ke, i- S. epidermidis zixhunyaniswe nenani elikhulu lokutheleleka endaweni yesibhedlela ngenxa yekhono lazo lokufaka amakoloni kumadivayisi we-intravascular, amanxeba amakhulu, ama-prostheses nama-valve wenhliziyo, futhi ingahlotshaniswa ne-sepsis ne-endocarditis, ngokwesibonelo.

Amandla okwenza amakoloni imishini yezokwelapha enza le microorganism imelane nama-antibiotic amaningi, angenza ukwelashwa kwesifo kube nzima kakhulu futhi kubeke impilo yomuntu engcupheni.

Isiqinisekiso sokutheleleka nge S. epidermidis kwenzeka lapho amasiko egazi amabili noma ngaphezulu evumelana nalesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa i- S. aureus ye S. epidermidis ngokuhlolwa kwe-coagulase, lapho i- I-Staphylococcus epidermidis ayinayo i-enzyme, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-negative coagulase. Qonda ukuthi ukukhonjwa kwe- I-Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngo I-Staphylococcus epidermidis imvamisa zivela kuphela uma amabhaktheriya esegazini, futhi kungahle kube nomkhuhlane omkhulu, ikhanda, ukugula, ukuphefumula okuncane noma ubunzima bokuphefumula kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi, isibonelo.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge S. epidermidis kuyehluka ngohlobo lokutheleleka nezimpawu ze-microorganism ehlukanisiwe. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kuhlobene nekoloni lamadivayisi wezokwelapha, isibonelo, ukushintshwa kwamadivayisi kubonisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe amabhaktheriya.

Lapho ukutheleleka kuqinisekiswa, udokotela futhi angakhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, njengeVancomycin neRifampicin, ngokwesibonelo.

3. I-Staphylococcus saprophyticus

O I-Staphylococcus saprophyticus, noma S. saprophyticus, kanye ne S. epidermidis, kuthathwa njenge-coagulase negative staphylococcus, kanti okunye ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukwehlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili, njengokuhlolwa kwe-novobiocin, okuyi-antibiotic S. saprophyticus kuvame ukuba lukhuni futhi S. epidermidis futhi kuyazwela.

La mabhaktheriya angatholakala ngokwemvelo esikhumbeni nasesifundeni sangasese, kungabangeli zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, lapho kunokungalingani ku-microbiota yesitho sangasese, i- S. saprophyticus futhi kubangele ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, ngoba leli bhakthiriya liyakwazi ukunamathela kumaseli ohlelo lokuchama lwabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokuzala.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngo S. saprophyticus ziyefana nokutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo, ngobuhlungu nobunzima bokudlulisa umchamo, umchamo onamafu, umuzwa wokungakwazi ukukhipha isinye nomkhuhlane ophansi ophikelelayo, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge S. saprophyticus kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, njenge-Trimethoprim. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kufanele kuboniswe kuphela ngudokotela lapho kunezimpawu, kungenjalo kungavuna ukuvela kwamagciwane amelana nawo.