Siyini Isifo Sokufa Okungazelelwe, futhi Ingabe Ukuvimbela Kungenzeka?

-Delile

• Kuyini ukufa ngokuzumayo?
• Ubani osengozini?
• Kubangelwa yini?
• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• Ingabe kungavikeleka?
• Ukuthatha

Kuyini ukufa ngokuzumayo?

Isifo sokufa okungazelelwe (i-SDS) yigama lesambulela elichazwe ngokungaxakeki ochungechungeni lwama syndromes enhliziyo abangela ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe futhi mhlawumbe nokufa.

Amanye ala ma-syndromes angumphumela wezinkinga zokwakheka enhliziyweni. Okunye kungaba ngumphumela wokungahambi kahle kwezinto eziteshini zikagesi. Konke kungadala ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungalindelekile futhi okungazelelwe, ngisho nakubantu abaphilile ngenye indlela. Abanye abantu bafa ngenxa yalokho.

Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi banesifo kuze kube yilapho kuboshwa inhliziyo.

Izimo eziningi ze-SDS azitholakali kahle, noma. Lapho umuntu one-SDS eshona, ukufa kungabalwa njengesizathu semvelo noma isifo senhliziyo. Kepha uma umphathi we-coroner ethatha izinyathelo zokuqonda imbangela eqondile, bangakwazi ukuthola izimpawu zelinye lama-syndromes we-SDS.

Ezinye izilinganiso zibika okungenani abantu abane-SDS abanakho ukungahleleki okuhlelekile kwesakhiwo, okungaba lula ukunqunywa ku-autopsy. Ukungahambi kahle kweziteshi zikagesi kunzima kakhulu ukukubona.

I-SDS ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala nabancane abaphakathi. Kubantu balesi sikhathi, ukufa okungaqondakali kwaziwa ngokuthi i-sudden death syndrome (SADS).

Kungenzeka nasezinsaneni. Lawa ma-syndromes angaba ngesinye sezimo eziningi eziwela ngaphansi kwesifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo (SIDS).

Isimo esisodwa esithile, iBrugada syndrome, singadala nesifo sokufa ebusuku esingalindelekile (SUNDS).

Ngenxa yokuthi i-SDS ivame ukuxilongwa ngokungafanele noma ingatholakali nhlobo, akucaci ukuthi bangaki abantu abanayo.

Izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi abantu aba-5 kwabangu-10 000 bane-Brugada syndrome. Esinye isimo se-SDS, i-QT syndrome ende, singenzeka ku-. I-QT emfushane ayivamile kakhulu. Amacala ayi-70 kuphela awo akhonjwe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule.

Kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukwazi ukuthi usengozini yini. Ungahle ukwazi ukuphatha imbangela eyisisekelo ye-SDS engenzeka uma ukhona.

Ake sibheke kabanzi ezinyathelweni ezingathathwa ukuxilonga ezinye zezimo ezihambisana ne-SDS futhi nokuvimbela ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Ubani osengozini?

Abantu abane-SDS imvamisa babonakala bephilile ngokuphelele ngaphambi komcimbi wabo wokuqala wenhliziyo noma wokufa. I-SDS ivame ukudala izimpawu noma izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile zobungozi ezandisa amathuba okuthi umuntu abe nezinye zezimo ezihambisana ne-SDS.

Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezithile zingakhuphula ubungozi bomuntu kwezinye izinhlobo ze-SDS. Uma umuntu ene-SADS, ngokwesibonelo, izihlobo zabo zokuqala (izingane zakubo, abazali nezingane) kungenzeka babe nesifo, futhi.

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-SDS onenye yalezi zofuzo, noma kunjalo. Amaphesenti ayi-15 kuya kwangama-30 kuphela amacala aqinisekisiwe wesifo iBrugada anesakhi sofuzo esihambisana naleso simo esithile.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:

• Ucansi. Abesilisa basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-SDS kunabesifazane.
• Ubuhlanga. Abantu abavela eJapane naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia basengozini enkulu ye-Brugada syndrome.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto ezinobungozi, izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingakhuphula ubungozi be-SDS, njenge:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar. I-lithium kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar. Lesi sidakamizwa singadala i-Brugada syndrome.
• Isifo senhliziyo. Isifo somthambo iCoronary yisona sifo esiyimbangela esivame kakhulu ukuxhunyaniswa ne-SDS. Cishe kubangelwa isifo semithambo yenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Uphawu lokuqala lwalesi sifo ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
• Isifo sokuwa. Unyaka ngamunye, ukufa okungalindelekile kwesifo sokuwa (SUDEP) kwenzeka ngokutholakala unesifo sokuwa. Ukufa okuningi kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuquleka.
• I-Arrhythmias. I-arrhythmia ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma isigqi. Inhliziyo ingashaya kancane kakhulu noma ngokushesha okukhulu. Kungaba nephethini engafanele. Kungaholela ezimpawu ezifana nokuquleka noma isiyezi. Ukufa okungazelelwe nakho kungenzeka.
• I-cardiomyopathy ye-hypertrophic. Lesi simo senza ukuthi izindonga zenhliziyo zijiye. Kungaphazamisa futhi uhlelo lukagesi. Kokubili kungaholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okusheshayo (i-arrhythmia).

Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ngaphandle kwalezi zinto zobungozi ezikhonjiwe, azisho ukuthi une-SDS. Noma ngubani kunoma yimuphi unyaka futhi kunoma isiphi isimo sempilo angaba ne-SDS.

Kubangelwa yini?

Akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela i-SDS.

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuxhunywe kuma-syndromes amaningi awela ngaphansi kwesambulela se-SDS, kepha hhayi wonke umuntu one-SDS onezakhi zofuzo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye izakhi zofuzo zixhunywe ku-SDS, kodwa azikaziwa okwamanje. Futhi ezinye izimbangela ze-SDS azizona zofuzo.

Eminye imithi ingadala ama-syndromes angaholela ekufeni okungazelelwe. Isibonelo, i-QT syndrome ende ingahle ibangelwe ukusebenzisa:

• ama-antihistamine
• ama-decongestants
• ama-antibiotic
• isisu
• imishanguzo
• ama-antipsychotic

Ngokunjalo, abanye abantu abane-SDS kungenzeka bangakhombisi izimpawu kuze kube baqala ukuthatha le mithi ethile. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungavela i-SDS eyenziwe ngemithi.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Ngeshwa, uphawu lokuqala noma uphawu lwe-SDS kungaba ukufa okungazelelwe nokungalindelekile.

Kodwa-ke, i-SDS ingadala lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zefulegi elibomvu:

• ubuhlungu besifuba, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• isiyezi
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma umuzwa wokushaya
• ukuquleka okungaqondakali, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nibhekana nenye yalezi zimpawu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Udokotela angenza izivivinyo ukuthola ukuthi yini imbangela engaba khona yalezi zimpawu ezingalindelekile.

Kutholakala kanjani?

I-SDS itholakala kuphela lapho uboshwa ngokuzumayo kwenhliziyo. I-electrocardiogram (ECG noma i-EKG) ingahlonza ama-syndromes amaningi angadala ukufa okungazelelwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho.

Odokotela bezinhliziyo abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile bangabheka imiphumela ye-ECG futhi babone izinkinga ezingaba khona, njenge-QT syndrome ende, i-QT syndrome emfushane, i-arrhythmia, i-cardiomyopathy, nokuningi.

Uma i-ECG ingacaci noma udokotela wenhliziyo angathanda ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe, bangase futhi bacele i-echocardiogram. Lokhu ukuskena kwe-ultrasound kwenhliziyo. Ngalesi sivivinyo, udokotela angabona inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kungabasiza ukuthi babone ukungajwayelekile komzimba.

Noma ngubani ohlangabezana nezimpawu ezihambisana ne-SDS angathola olunye lwalezi zivivinyo. Ngokufanayo, abantu abanomlando wezokwelapha noma womndeni ophakamisa i-SDS kungenzeka ukuthi bangafuna ukuthola okunye kwalokhu kuhlolwa.

Ukubona ubungozi kusenesikhathi kungakusiza ufunde izindlela zokuvimbela ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungenzeka.

Ilashwa kanjani?

Uma inhliziyo yakho iyema ngenxa ye-SDS, abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo bangakwazi ukukuvuselela ngezinyathelo zokusindisa impilo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-CPR kanye ne-defibrillation.

Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa, udokotela angenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze abeke i-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) engafakelwa uma kufanelekile. Le divayisi ingathumela ugesi enhliziyweni yakho uma ima futhi ngokuzayo.

Ungaqhubeka uthole isiyezi futhi udlule ngenxa yesiqephu, kepha idivayisi efakiwe ingakwazi ukuqala kabusha inhliziyo yakho.

Alikho ikhambi lamanje lezimbangela eziningi ze-SDS. Uma uthola ukuxilongwa ngenye yalawa ma-syndromes, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusiza ukuvimbela isehlakalo esibulalayo. Lokhu kungafaka ukusetshenziswa kwe-ICD.

Kodwa-ke, odokotela badabukile ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-SDS kumuntu ongakhombisanga zimpawu.

Ingabe kungavikeleka?

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuvikeleni isiqephu esibulalayo.

Uma unomlando womndeni we-SDS, udokotela angakwazi ukuthola ukuthi unaso yini isifo esingaholela ekufeni okungalindelekile. Uma wenza kanjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukufa okungazelelwe. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukugwema imishanguzo ebangela izimpawu, njenge-anti-depressants kanye nezidakamizwa ezivimbela i-sodium
• ukwelapha ngokushesha imfiva
• ukuzivocavoca ngokuqapha
• ukwenza izinyathelo ezinhle zempilo yenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi ukudla ukudla okunomsoco
• ukugcina ukungena njalo nodokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wenhliziyo

Ukuthatha

Ngenkathi i-SDS imane ingenalo ikhambi, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukufa okungazelelwe uma uthola ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kwesehlakalo esibulalayo.

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa kungashintsha impilo futhi kudale imizwa ehlukile. Ngaphezu kokusebenza nodokotela wakho, ungahle uthande ukukhuluma nodokotela wezempilo yengqondo mayelana nalesi simo nempilo yakho yengqondo. Bangakusiza ukucubungula izindaba nokubhekana nezinguquko esimweni sakho sezokwelapha.