Ukwelashwa Okuhlosiwe Komdlavuza Webele Othuthukile: Izinto Ezi-7 Okufanele Uzazi

-Delile

• 1. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe?
• 2. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kuhluke kanjani ekhemotherapy ejwayelekile?
• 3. Zakhiwa kanjani izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe?
• 4. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe ezivunyiwe futhi zisebenza kanjani?
• 5. Ubani umuntu ozobhekela ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe?
• 6. Ingabe kukhona ukulinganiselwa kokwelashwa okuqondisiwe?
• 7. Yimiphi imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yokwelashwa okuqondisiwe?

Ukuqonda okusha kuhlobo lomdlavuza kuholele ekwelashweni okuningi okubhekiswe komdlavuza webele osezingeni eliphakeme. Le nsimu ethembisayo yokwelashwa komdlavuza ikhomba futhi ihlasele amaseli womdlavuza ngempumelelo enkulu. Nazi izinto eziyisikhombisa odinga ukuzazi ngaleli qembu elisha lezidakamizwa ezinemba.

1. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe?

Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zisebenzisa imininingwane ngezakhi zofuzo zakho namaprotheni ukuvimbela, ukuxilonga nokwelapha umdlavuza. Imithi yokwelapha ihlose ukuhlasela amaseli womdlavuza athile ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli anempilo.

2. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kuhluke kanjani ekhemotherapy ejwayelekile?

I-chemotherapy ejwayelekile isebenza ngokubulala amaseli womdlavuza ajwayelekile futhi ahlukanise ngokushesha. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zenzelwe ukuvimba ukusabalala kwezinhloso zamangqamuzana ezihambisana nomdlavuza.

Amaseli womdlavuza ahlukile kumaseli aphilile. Imithi ehlosiwe ingathola amaseli anomdlavuza bese ibhubhisa noma iphazamise ukukhula kwayo ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli angenawo umdlavuza. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lubhekwa njengohlobo lwe-chemotherapy, noma lusebenza ngokuhlukile. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zivame ukuba nemiphumela emibi embalwa kunezidakamizwa ezijwayelekile zamakhemikhali.

3. Zakhiwa kanjani izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe ukukhomba izimpawu zamangqamuzana ezidlala indima enkulu ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza nokusinda. Lapho umaki esekhonjisiwe, kuthuthukiswa ukwelashwa okuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa noma ukusinda kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wommaki noma ngokuwuvimbela ekubopheni kumamukeli ovamise ukuwenza usebenze.

4. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe ezivunyiwe futhi zisebenza kanjani?

• Izindlela zokwelapha zeHormone yehlisa noma imise ukukhula kwezimila ezizwela ama-hormone ezidinga ukukhula kwamahomoni athile.
• Ama-inhibitors wokudluliswa kwesiginali vimba imisebenzi yama-molecule abamba iqhaza ekudlulisweni kwesiginali, inqubo lapho iseli liphendula khona kumasiginali avela endaweni yalo.
• Ama-modulators wenkulumo ye-Gene(GEM) shintsha umsebenzi wamaprotheni adlala indima ekulawuleni ukubonakaliswa kofuzo.
• Ama-indopers we-apoptosis kubangele ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza athole i-apoptosis, inqubo yokufa kweseli elawulwayo.
• Ama-angiogenesis inhibitors vimba ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha, ngaleyo ndlela uvimbele ukunikezwa kwegazi okudingekayo ukuze kukhule izimila.
• Ama-immunotherapies kuvuse amasosha omzimba ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Amasosha omzimba angama-monoclonal (mAb noma moAb) ukuletha ama-molecule anobuthi ukukhomba nokubulala amaseli womdlavuza othile ngokuziphatha njengezibuthe ukuze uzithole futhi uvimbele ukukhiqizwa kwazo.

5. Ubani umuntu ozobhekela ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe?

Lapho i-U.S. Food and Drug Administration ivuma umuthi othile ohlosiwe, bachaza izimo ezithile lapho ingasetshenziswa khona. Baphinde bachaze ukuthi ngubani okulungele kahle ukwelashwa. Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abanokuguquka okuthile okutholwayo ukwelashwa. Basebenzela ukubhubhisa noma ukuvimbela amangqamuzana anomdlavuza walolo shintsho. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe nakho kungaba yindlela kubantu abanomdlavuza ongaphendulanga kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, usakazekile, noma ungakulungele ukuhlinzwa.

6. Ingabe kukhona ukulinganiselwa kokwelashwa okuqondisiwe?

Amaseli womdlavuza angamelana nokuguqula ukuze ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe kungabe kusasebenza. Uma kunjalo, isimila singathola indlela entsha yokufeza ukukhula okungancikile kokuhlosiwe. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kungasebenza kahle ngokuhlanganisa izindlela zokwelashwa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwemithi yendabuko yamakhemikhali.

7. Yimiphi imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yokwelashwa okuqondisiwe?

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu yokwelashwa okubhekiswe kuyo ibandakanya:

• ubuthakathaka
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo
• ikhanda
• ubunzima
• ukuphefumula
• ukuqubuka

Eminye imiphumela emibi ibandakanya ukwehliswa izinwele, izinkinga zokunqanda igazi nokuphulukisa isilonda, nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.