Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Thrombosis ne-Embolism?

-Delile

• Izimpawu
• I-venous thrombosis
• Embolism yamaphaphu
• I-arterial thrombosis
• Yini ebangela ukuvimba emithanjeni yegazi?
• Ukuxilongwa
• Ukwelashwa
• Izinkinga
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

I-thrombosis ne-embolism zabelana ngokufana okuningi, kepha yizimo ezihlukile. I-thrombosis yenzeka lapho i-thrombus, noma i-clot yegazi, ikhula esitsheni segazi futhi inciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ngomkhumbi. I-embolism yenzeka lapho ucezu lwegazi, into yangaphandle, noma enye into yomzimba inamathela esitsheni segazi futhi ivimba kakhulu ukuhamba kwegazi.

Isimo esifanayo, i-thromboembolism, sibhekisa ekwehliseni ukugeleza kwegazi okubangelwa ngokukhethekile yi-embolism evela egazini legazi.

Abantu abaningi baba namahlule egazi, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi nezimbangela ze-thrombosis kanye ne-embolism. Ibhlokhi ekugelezeni kwegazi emthanjeni ojulile, umthambo omkhulu, noma umthambo wegazi wamaphaphu (wamaphaphu) unengozi enkulu kakhulu yezempilo. Abaningi abafa unyaka nonyaka ngenxa ye-vein thrombosis (DVT) ejulile noma embolism ye-pulmonary.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalezi zimo.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu ze-thrombosis kanye ne-embolism zincike kulokhu:

• uhlobo lomthambo wegazi othintekayo
• indawo
• umthelela ekugelezeni kwegazi

I-thrombi encane ne-emboli engavimbeli kakhulu imithambo yegazi kungenzeka ingazibangeli izimpawu. yabantu abane-DVT abanazo izimpawu zalesi simo nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ukuvinjelwa okukhulu kungabulala indlala izicubu ezinempilo zegazi ne-oxygen, kubangele ukuvuvukala futhi ekugcineni kufe izicubu.

I-venous thrombosis

Imithambo yimithambo yegazi ebhekele ukubuyisela igazi enhliziyweni ukuze liphinde libuyele emzimbeni. Lapho i-clot noma i-embolus ivimba umthambo omkhulu noma ojulile, amachibi egazi ngemuva kokuvinjelwa, abangela ukuvuvukala. Yize zingenzeka noma yikuphi, amacala amaningi we-venous thrombosis akhula emithanjeni ejulile yemilenze engezansi. Ukuvinjelwa okwenzeka emithanjeni emincane noma engabonakali kuvame ukungabangeli izinkinga ezinkulu.

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-venous thrombosis zifaka:

• ubuhlungu nesisa
• ububomvu noma ukushintsha kombala
• ukuvuvukala, imvamisa kuzungeza iqakala, idolo, noma unyawo

Indawo ethintekile nayo izofudumala lapho kuthintwa.

Embolism yamaphaphu

I-pulmonary embolism (PE) yenzeka lapho ucezu lwegazi eliqhamukayo ludabula futhi lihambe ngomjelo wegazi liye emaphashini. Ngemuva kwalokho iba semthanjeni wegazi. Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa ne-DVT.

I-embolism ye-pulmonary ingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi ikhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Mayelana namacala we-pulmonary embolism, ukufa okungazelelwe uphawu lokuqala. Funa usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha uma usola i-PE.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-PE zifaka:

• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• isiyezi nokuba nekhanda elikhanyayo
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ubuhlungu besifuba obuba nzima lapho uphefumula
• ekhwehlela igazi
• ukudlula emhlabeni

I-arterial thrombosis

I-arterial thrombosis ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-atherosclerosis. I-atherosclerosis ukukhula kwamapuleti, noma ukuqina okunamafutha, odongeni lwangaphakathi lomthambo. Izingcwecwe zenza umthambo ube mncane. Lokhu kwandisa inani lengcindezi esitsheni segazi. Uma le ngcindezi iba namandla ngokwanele, uqweqwe lungazinza futhi luqhekeke.

Kwesinye isikhathi lapho uqweqwe luqhekeka amasosha omzimba asabela ngokweqile. Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwengubo enkulu kanye nesimo esisongela impilo, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.

Funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ze-arterial thrombosis kufaka phakathi:

• ubuhlungu besifuba obuvame ukuvela ngokungahleliwe, njengalapho uphumula, futhi ngeke buphendule emithini
• ukuphelelwa umoya noma ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukujuluka
• isicanucanu
• isitho noma indawo yesikhumba eseyipholile, ilula ngombala kunokujwayelekile, futhi ibuhlungu kakhulu
• ukulahleka kwamandla emisipha okungaqondakali
• ingxenye engezansi yobuso ihlehla ohlangothini olulodwa

Yini ebangela ukuvimba emithanjeni yegazi?

Lapho udonga lwemithambo yegazi lulimala, amangqamuzana egazi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-platelets namaprotheni, akha isisindo esiqinile phezu kwesilonda. Lesi sisindo sibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombus, noma i-clot yegazi. Ihlwili lisiza ukuvala indawo yokulimala ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokopha nokuyivikela ngesikhathi selulama. Lokhu kufana notwayi esilondeni sangaphandle.

Lapho isilonda sesipholile, amahlule egazi ngokujwayelekile ancibilika ngokwawo. Kwesinye isikhathi, noma kunjalo, amahlule egazi akha ngokungahleliwe, ngeke ancibilike, noma makhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungaholela ezingozini ezinkulu zempilo ngokunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kubangele ukulimala noma ukufa ezicutshini ezithintekayo ezilinikezayo.

Ukufakelwa komzimba kungenzeka futhi lapho ezinye izinto zibhajwe emithanjeni yegazi, njengamabhamuza omoya, ama-molecule amafutha, noma izingcezu zetshe.

Ukuxilongwa

Akukho sivivinyo esithile esisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-thrombosis kanye ne-embolism, yize i-duplex ultrasound, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamagagasi omsindo ukudala izithombe zegazi eligelezayo, kusetshenziswa kakhulu.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingasetshenziswa ukuxilonga noma ukuhlola amahlule egazi angajwayelekile noma izithiyo zifaka:

• i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), noma ama-computed tomography (CT)
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• venography, lapho ihlule legazi kucatshangwa ukuthi lisemthanjeni
• i-arteriogram, lapho ukuvinjelwa kucatshangwa ukuthi kusemthanjeni
• izivivinyo zokusebenza kwenhliziyo namaphaphu, njengokuphuma kwegazi lokuthanjiswa kwegazi noma ukuskena kwamaphaphu okuphefumula komoya

Ukwelashwa

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni, ebangeni, nasendaweni yegazi noma ukuvinjelwa kwegazi.

Izindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-thrombosis kanye ne-embolism zifaka:

• imishanguzo ye-thrombolytic esiza ukuncibilikisa amahlule
• imishanguzo yama-anticoagulant eyenza kube nzima ukwakheka kwamahlule
• i-catheter-Directed thrombolysis, okuwukuhlinzwa lapho ishubhu elide, elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter, lihambisa khona imishanguzo ye-thrombolytic ngqo kwi-clot
• i-thrombectomy, noma ukuhlinzwa ukususa ihlwili
• izihlungi ze-vena cava eziphansi, noma izingcezwana ezincane zemeshini ezibekwe phezu kwehlwili ukuze zibambe ama-emboli futhi zivimbele ukuthi zisabalale ziye enhliziyweni nasemaphashini

Izinguquko ezithile zendlela yokuphila noma imishanguzo yokuvikela ingasiza ekwelapheni amahlule noma inciphise ubungozi bokuyiveza.

Okulandelayo kungasiza ukuvimbela amahlule egazi noma ukuvinjelwa:

• gcina isisindo esinempilo nokudla
• ukuyeka ukubhema nokusetshenziswa kotshwala
• ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• hlala unamanzi
• gwema ukuhlala isikhathi eside noma ukungasebenzi
• welapha izimo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala
• phatha amazinga kashukela egazini angenampilo
• thatha ukucindezelwa kwegazi nemithi ye-cholesterol njengoba kuchazwe ngudokotela wakho
• khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwemithi esuselwa ku-estrogen
• sebenzisa amadivayisi wemishini njengamasokisi wokucindezelwa noma amadivayisi wokucindezela womoya wangaphakathi
• gcina imilenze yakho iphakeme ngenkathi uhleli
• qiniseka ukuthi udokotela wakho uyazi ngomlando noma umlando womndeni wamahlule noma izimo zokujiya
• welula imisipha yakho yonyawo neyomlenze nsuku zonke
• gqoka izingubo ezikugqokile

Izinkinga

Izinkinga ezihambisana nakho kokubili i-thrombosis ne-embolism ziyahlukahluka ngokuya nge:

• ubukhulu bokuvinjelwa
• indawo yehlule
• ukuthi ibibhajwe kanjani
• izimo zezempilo eziyisisekelo

I-embolism ivame ukubhekwa njengeyingozi kune-thrombosis emnene kuya kokumaphakathi ngoba i-embolism ivame ukuvimbela wonke umthambo wegazi.

Izinkinga zamacala alinganiselayo kuya abucayi we-thrombosis kanye ne-embolism zifaka:

• ukuvuvukala
• ubuhlungu
• isikhumba esomile, esikhulayo
• ukuguqulwa kwesikhumba
• imithambo evulekile noma ekhulisiwe, njenge-spider-web noma i-varicose veins
• ukulimala kwezicubu
• isifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi
• ukwehluleka komzimba
• ukulahlekelwa isitho somzimba
• ukulimala kwengqondo noma kwenhliziyo
• izilonda

Umbono

Ezimweni ezimnene ze-thrombosis kanye ne-embolism, izimpawu zingaxazululwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini emithi kanye nezinguquko zokuphila. Umbono wamacala amabi kakhulu uncike kakhulu ohlotsheni, kububanzi, nasendaweni yeqhwa noma ukuvinjelwa.

Mayelana nabantu abane-DVT banezinkinga zesikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ezihlobene nokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi. Cishe abantu abanenhlanganisela ye-DVT ne-PE bakhulisa amahlule amasha kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi.