Yini i-thymoma, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izinhlobo
• Izimpawu ze-thymoma
• Ukwelashwa kwe-thymoma
• Izigaba ze-thymoma

I-Thymoma yisimila esiswini se-thymus gland, okuyindlala etholakala ngemuva kwethambo lesifuba, esikhula kancane futhi esivame ukubonakala njengesimila esibi esingasakazeki kwezinye izitho. Lesi sifo akuyona i-thymic carcinoma ncamashi, ngakho-ke asihlali siphathwa njengomdlavuza.

Ngokuvamile, i-benign thymoma ivame kakhulu ezigulini ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 nangezifo ezizimele, ikakhulukazi iMyasthenia gravis, iLupus noma isifo samathambo.

Izinhlobo

I-Thymoma ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezi-6:

• Thayipha A: imvamisa inamathuba amahle okwelashwa, futhi lapho kungenzeki ukwelashwa, isiguli sisengaphila eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-15 ngemuva kokuxilongwa;
• Thayipha AB: njengohlobo A thymoma, kunethuba elihle lokwelashwa;
• Thayipha i-B1: izinga lokusinda lingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ngemuva kokuxilongwa;
• Thayipha B2: cishe isigamu seziguli siphila eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 ngemuva kokutholakala kwenkinga;
• Thayipha i-B3: cishe isigamu seziguli sisinda eminyakeni engama-20;
• Uhlobo C: uhlobo olubi lwe-thymoma futhi iziguli eziningi ziphila phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 kuya kwengu-10.

I-Thymoma ingatholwa ngokuthatha i-X-ray yesifuba ngenxa yenye inkinga, ngakho-ke udokotela angayalela ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njenge-CT scan noma i-MRI ukuhlola isimila bese eqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Izimpawu ze-thymoma

Ezimweni eziningi ze-thymoma, azikho izimpawu ezithile, ezitholakala lapho kwenziwa izivivinyo nganoma yisiphi esinye isizathu. Noma kunjalo, izimpawu ze-thymoma zingaba:

• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo;
• Ubuhlungu besifuba;
• Kunzima ukuphefumula;
• Ubuthakathaka njalo;
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso noma izingalo;
• Kunzima ukugwinya;
• Umbono ophindwe kabili.

Izimpawu ze-thymoma azivamile, zivame kakhulu ezimweni ze-thymoma ebulalayo, ngenxa yesimila esisabalala kwezinye izitho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-thymoma

Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqondiswe yi-oncologist, kepha kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka, esixazulula amacala amaningi.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza futhi kukhona ama-metastases, udokotela futhi angancoma i-radiotherapy. Ezingxenyeni ezingasebenzi, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nakho kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kulezi zimo amathuba okwelashwa mancane kanti iziguli zihlala cishe eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemuva kokuxilongwa.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-thymoma, isiguli kufanele siye kudokotela we-oncologist okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuthola i-CT scan, sifuna ukubonakala kwesimila esisha.

Izigaba ze-thymoma

Izigaba ze-thymoma zihlukaniswe ngokwezitho ezithintekile, ngakho-ke zifaka:

• Isigaba 1: itholakala kuphela ku-thymus nasezicutshini ezikumbozayo;
• Isigaba 2: isimila sinabele emafutheni aseduze kwe-thymus noma ku-pleura;
• Isigaba 3: kuthinta imithambo yegazi nezitho eziseduze ne-thymus, njengamaphaphu;
• Isigaba 4: isimila sesinabele ezithweni ezikude ne-thymus, njengolwelwesi lwenhliziyo.

Lapho isigaba se-thymoma sithuthuke kakhulu, kulukhuni ngokwengeziwe ukwenza ukwelashwa nokuthola ikhambi, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi iziguli ezinezifo ezizimele zihlolwe kaningi ukuthola ukuvela kwezimila.