Okufanele Ukwazi Ngokugwema Umkhuhlane Uma Une-MS

-Delile

• Ziyini izingozi zokuthola umkhuhlane kubantu abane-MS?
• Umkhuhlane uxhunyaniswe kanjani nokubuyela emuva kwe-MS?
• Ingabe abantu abane-MS kufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?
• Uhlobo luni lomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane okufanele uwuthole?
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukuthola imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane?
• Ukuthatha

Umkhuhlane isifo esithathelanayo sokuphefumula esivame ukudala umkhuhlane, ama-aches, amakhaza, ikhanda, futhi kwezinye izimo, izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu. Kuyinkinga enkulu ikakhulukazi uma uphila ne-multiple sclerosis (MS).

Ososayensi baxhumanise umkhuhlane nokubuyela emuva kwe-MS. Yingakho ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kubaluleke kangaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abaphila ne-MS bathole umkhuhlane ongeke uphazamise uhlelo lwabo lwamanje lokwelashwa.

Funda ukuze ufunde ukuthi umkhuhlane ungadala kanjani ukubuyela kubantu abane-MS nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani.

Ziyini izingozi zokuthola umkhuhlane kubantu abane-MS?

Iningi labantu abane-MS lehla ngesilinganiso sezifo ezimbili zokuphefumula ezingaphezulu ngonyaka, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kuka-2015 eFrontiers in Immunology. Ososayensi bathola ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zezifo, ezinjengomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane, zaphindeka kabili ingozi yomuntu ophila ne-MS abuye abuyele emuva.

Ukubuyekezwa kuphawule nokuthi ngemuva kokuthi abantu abane-MS bathole ukutheleleka okuphezulu okuphefumulayo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-27 kuye kwangama-41 athola ukubuyela emuva kungakapheli amasonto amahlanu. Ososayensi nabo bathole ukuthi amathuba okubuyela emuva ayizinkathi ezithile zonyaka, imvamisa iyanda entwasahlobo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithi okungenzeka ukuthi uyiphuzela i-MS ingathinta amasosha akho omzimba futhi ikubeke engcupheni enkulu yezinkinga ezinkulu zomkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane uxhunyaniswe kanjani nokubuyela emuva kwe-MS?

Yize kudingeka izifundo eziningi, ucwaningo ezilwaneni luveza ukuthi izifo zokuphefumula zingakhuthaza ukuhamba kwamaseli omzimba angene ohlelweni lwemizwa oluphakathi. Futhi, lokhu kungadala ukubuyela emuva kwe-MS.

Ocwaningweni lwango-2017 olushicilelwe ku-PNAS, ososayensi bajova amagundane ayenezakhi zofuzo ezazithambekele ezifweni ezizimele ngegciwane lomkhuhlane i-A. Bathola ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-29 amagundane athola leli gciwane athuthukisa izimpawu zomtholampilo zokubuyela emuva kungakapheli amasonto amabili ukutheleleka.

Abaphenyi baphinde baqapha ukusebenza kwamaseli omzimba kumagundane, beqaphela ukusebenza okwandayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Basikisela ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuholele lolu shintsho, futhi-ke, kungaba yisizathu esiyisisekelo sokuthi ukutheleleka kukhulisa i-MS.

Ingabe abantu abane-MS kufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?

I-American Academy of Neurology (AAN) ibheka ukugoma njengengxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kubantu abaphila ne-MS. I-AAN incoma ukuthi abantu abane-MS bathole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi wokugoma, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Isikhathi nohlobo lwemithi ye-MS oyisebenzisayo, kanye nempilo yakho ejwayelekile, kungathinta izinketho zakho zokugomela umkhuhlane.

Ngokuvamile, i-AAN incoma ukuthi abantu abane-MS bathathe imishanguzo ebukhoma, njengomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wamakhambi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abasebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokwelapha eziguqula izifo (i-DMTs) ukwelapha i-MS.

Uma uhlangabezana nokuphindaphinda okukhulu, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ancoma ukuthi ulinde amasonto ama-4 kuye kwayi-6 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu ukuze ugonywe.

Uma ucabanga ukushintsha ukwelashwa noma ukuqala ukwelashwa okusha, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuthi ugonywe amasonto ama-4 kuye kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa okuzocindezela noma ukuguqula amasosha akho omzimba.

Ngokusho kweRocky Mountain MS Center, imishanguzo yokugomela imfucumfucu isebenza cishe ngamaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangama-90, kepha lokho kusebenza kungaba phansi kubantu abane-MS abathatha imishanguzo ethinta amasosha abo omzimba.

Uhlobo luni lomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane okufanele uwuthole?

Ngokuvamile, i-AAN incoma ukuthi abantu abane-MS bathole uhlobo lokuphila lomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Imithi yokugoma iza ngezindlela ezahlukene:

• Okungabukhoma. Lezi zinhlobo zemithi yokugoma ibandakanya igciwane elingasebenzi, noma elibulewe noma amaprotheni kuphela avela kuleligciwane.
• Phila. Imishanguzo ethonywe bukhoma iqukethe uhlobo lwegciwane olubuthakathaka.

Ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane okwamanje kuyizinhlobo ezingezona zokuphila zomuthi wokugoma, futhi ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuvikelekile kubantu abane-MS.

Isifutho sempumulo yomkhuhlane siwumuthi wokugoma ophilayo, futhi asinconywa kubantu abane-MS. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema imishanguzo ebukhoma uma usebenzisa, esanda kusetshenziswa, noma uhlela ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokwelapha eziguqula izifo (i-DMTs) ze-MS.

INational MS Society iphawula ukuthi imaphi ama-DMTs, nesikhathi sokwelashwa, okungadala ukukhathazeka uma ucabanga umuthi wokugoma obukhoma.

Kuthathwa njengokuphephile ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ongasebenzi noma ngabe uthatha owodwa wale mithi:

• i-interferon beta-1a (Avonex)
• i-interferon beta 1-b (iBetaseron)
• i-interferon beta 1-b (i-Extavia)
• i-peginterferon beta 1-a (iPlegridy)
• i-interferon beta 1-a (Rebif)
• teriflunomide (Aubagio)
• i-glatiramer acetate (iCopaxone)
• i-fingolimod (Gilenya)
• umjovo we-glatiramer acetate (Glatopa)
• i-alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
• i-mitoxantrone hydrochloride (iNovantrone)
• i-dimethyl fumarate (iTecfidera)
• i-natalizumab (Tysabri)
• ocrelizumab (Ocrevus)

Kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, i-Fluzone High-Dose iyatholakala. Kungumuthi wokugoma ongasebenzi, kepha abacwaningi abakaze bafunde ukuthi usebenza kanjani kubantu abane-MS. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ucabanga ngale ndlela yokugoma.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukuthola imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane?

Ngaphezu kokugonywa, ungenza izinto eziningi ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuthola imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane. Incoma ukuthi:

• Gwema ukuxhumana nabantu abagulayo.
• Hlala ekhaya uma ugula.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi noma ngomuthi ohlanza utshwala.
• Vala ikhala nomlomo lapho uthimula.
• Khipha amagciwane ezindaweni ezivame ukusetshenziswa.
• Thola ukulala okuningi futhi udle ukudla okunempilo.

Ukuthatha

Uma uhlala ne-MS, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka. Xoxa ngemithi oyiphuzayo nodokotela wakho, bese unquma ngohlelo lwesikhathi sokugomela umkhuhlane wakho.

Umkhuhlane ungaba mubi kakhulu kubantu abaphila ne-MS, futhi kwandisa ingozi yokubuyela emuva. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zomkhuhlane, vakashela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha okukhulu.