Kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele

-Delile

• 1. ukwelashwa kwamahomoni
• 2. Ukuhlinzwa
• 3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• 4. I-Radiotherapy
• 5. I-Physiotherapy
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele wesilisa
• Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Izinketho zokwelashwa zemvelo zomdlavuza webele

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kuyahluka kuye ngezinga lokukhula kwesimila, futhi kungenziwa nge-chemotherapy, therapy radiation noma ngokuhlinzwa. Ezinye izinto ezingaba nomthelela ekukhetheni ukwelashwa yizimpawu zesimila nezimpawu zowesifazane, njengobudala, ukuba khona kwezifo ezihambisana nakho noma cha nokuthi usevele wangena esikhathini sokuya esikhathini.

Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zikhonjiswa ikakhulu izicubu ezibulalayo, futhi esimweni somdlavuza webele onobungozi ngokuvamile kudingekile kuphela ukugcina ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwe-nodule, ngaphandle kwesidingo sanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa. Endabeni yomdlavuza webele we-metastatic, lapho isimila sithuthuke kakhulu, kungadingeka ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ukuzama ukulwa nawo wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokwandisa amathuba okwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kungenziwa yi-SUS mahhala kwa-High Complexity Assistance Units e-Oncology, eyaziwa nge-UNACON nase-High Complexity Assistance Centers e-Oncology, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-CACON. Ukuze uqale ukwelashwa komdlavuza kubalulekile ukuxhumana ne-INCA bese ulandela zonke izinkomba ezinconyiwe zokwenza ukuthi ukwelashwa kusondele ekhaya.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha ezingakhonjiswa yi-oncologist kanye ne-mastologist yilezi:

1. ukwelashwa kwamahomoni

Ukwelashwa kweHormone kuhlose ukwehlisa inani lamahomoni abesifazane ajikeleza egazini, kuvimbele ukwanda kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lunconywa esimweni somdlavuza webele wohlobo lwe- "positive hormone receptor", okungukuthi, labo abazuza ekwelashweni ngezidakamizwa ze-hormonal, ngoba amangqamuzana e-tumor anama-receptors.

Udokotela angancoma ukusetshenziswa kweTamoxifen noma iFulvestranto, okufanele isetshenziswe cishe iminyaka engu-5, noma ngabe owesifazane engazibonisi ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-tamoxifen ingakhonjiswa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukususa isimila.

2. Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kukhonjiswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimila sesifuba, kungakhathalekile ubukhulu bayo, njengoba kususa amangqamuzana amaningi omdlavuza, kukhulisa amathuba okwelashwa nokusiza konke ukwelashwa. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa luyehluka kuye ngosayizi wesimila, kanye ne-radical mastectomy, lapho isifuba sisuswa ngokuphelele, sisetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu lapho umdlavuza usabalele kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, imvamisa kuphela ingxenye yesifuba lapho kutholakala khona isimila esaziwa njenge-mastectomy engaphelele.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela futhi angancoma ezinye izikhathi ze-radiotherapy ukuqeda amangqamuzana e-tumor okungenzeka ukuthi awazange asuswe, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zomdlavuza webele oyingozi kakhulu noma umdlavuza webele osezingeni eliphakeme.

3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa nge-chemotherapy kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwemithi eminingana ekhonjiswe yi-oncologist futhi kujwayelekile ukuthi kuvele imiphumela emibi, enjengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukungathandi ukudla nokulahleka kwezinwele. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo ukusiza ukubhekana nalezi zinguquko.

4. I-Radiotherapy

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele nge-radiotherapy kuboniswa lapho ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganele ukuqeda wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kulolu hlobo lokwelashwa, isiguli sibhekene nemisebe eqondile esifundeni sesifuba nasesikhwapheni futhi ukugcwaliswa ngamakhemikhali kujwayelekile.

5. I-Physiotherapy

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okususwa amabele, i-physiotherapy kufanele iqalwe ukulwa nokuvuvukala kwengalo, yenyuse ibanga lokunyakaza ngehlombe, ithuthukise ukuma komzimba, yenze kube nozwelo futhi yehlise ama-spasms nokunamathela kwesibazi, okuyizinkinga ezibangelwa ukuhlinzwa okuhambisana ne-radiotherapy, okuyiyo kuthinta bonke abesifazane abaphathwa ngale ndlela.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele wesilisa

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele emadodeni kwenziwa ngezindlela ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa kwabesifazane, kepha-ke, njengoba ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa esigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu sesifo, mancane amathuba okwelashwa kunabesifazane abatholakala besenesifo.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abesilisa bazi nezimpawu zomdlavuza webele, njengobuhlungu esifubeni noma uketshezi oluphuma engonweni bese luya kudokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ethola ushintsho. Funda ukuthi ungawubona kanjani umdlavuza wamabele wesilisa.

Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele lapho ukhulelwe kuya ngeminyaka yokukhulelwa, ubukhulu nobukhulu besifo. Zonke izindlela zingenziwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kepha banemikhawulo ethile, ngoba zingabonisa ubungozi kowesifazane nasenganeni.

Ukuhlinzwa ngomdlavuza webele kungenziwa kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa, ngoba kubonisa ubungozi obuphansi futhi akuphazamisi ukukhula kwengane. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni eziningi, ukuhlinzekwa kukodwa akwanele ukwelapha lolu hlobo lomdlavuza, kudinga ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe yokwelashwa, okumele kwenziwe kucatshangelwa isikhathi sokukhulelwa nomphumela ongaba nawo ekukhuleni kwengane. .

Ngale ndlela, udokotela uvame ukukhetha ukubambezela ukusebenza kokuhlinzwa ukuze akwazi ukuqala ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo nge-chemo ne-radiotherapy ukulandela ngaphandle kwezingozi. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunconywa kusukela ku-trimester yesibili yokukhulelwa, ngoba kusukela ngenyanga yesine yokukhulelwa izingozi zokwelashwa kwengane zincane.

Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakala ukuthi umdlavuza usudlulele kakhulu, udokotela angakhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwa esikhathini sokuqala sokukhulelwa, futhi kungadingeka ukunqamula ukukhulelwa ukuvimbela ukulimala kwengane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngemuva kwe-trimester yesibili, kufanele kumiswe kuze kube yisonto lama-35 noma amasonto ama-3 ngaphambi kokuba ingane izalwe ukugwema izinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha, njengokutheleleka okujwayelekile noma ukopha.

I-Radiotherapy ingenye indlela yokwelashwa engasetshenziswa kumdlavuza webele, kepha akumele isetshenziselwe ukukhulelwa ngoba ingaphazamisa ukukhula kwengane, ngakho-ke, kufanele yenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuzalwa. Kwezinye izimo, lapho owesifazane enomdlavuza esigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu futhi esevele esekupheleni kokukhulelwa, udokotela angakhetha ukulindela ukulethwa ukuze kuqale i-radiotherapy kungekudala.

Izinketho zokwelashwa zemvelo zomdlavuza webele

Ukwelashwa kwemvelo komdlavuza webele kugcwalisa kuphela ukwelashwa okwenziwa esibhedlela, futhi akufanele kuthathe indawo yemiyalo kadokotela. Ukuze uthuthukise ukwelashwa ngendlela engokwemvelo kufanele:

• Dla ukudla okune-fiber ngokudla ngakunye, okufana ne-oats ephelele, ifilakisi lomhlabathi, nokudla okuphelele, nemifino eluhlaza;
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha futhi ugweme ukusetshenziswa kokudla okusetshenzisiwe noma okwenziwe;
• Yeka ukubhema, uma ubhema;
• Tshala imali ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okuphilayo, ngaphandle kwezibulala-zinambuzane.

Lezi zinhlobo zezinguquko ekudleni zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ziqinisekisa ukwanda kwama-lignans emzimbeni, okuyizinto ezinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen, i-hormone eyinhloko ebhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lomdlavuza.