Ukwelashwa kokwelapha umdlavuza wamathumbu

-Delile

• 1. Ukuhlinzwa
• 2. I-Radiotherapy
• 3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• 4. Ukwelashwa komzimba

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamathumbu kwenziwa ngokwesigaba nobukhulu besifo, indawo, usayizi nezimpawu zesimila, nokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy noma i-immunotherapy kungakhonjiswa.

Umdlavuza wamathumbu uyelapheka lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa kwezifo zokuqala zesifo futhi ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngemuva nje kwalokho, ngoba kulula ukugwema imastastasis nokulawula ukukhula kwesimila. Kodwa-ke, lapho umdlavuza utholakala ezigabeni zakamuva, kuba nzima ukuthola ikhambi, noma ngabe ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokwelulekwa ngabezokwelapha.

1. Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa imvamisa kuyindlela yokwelashwa ekhetha umdlavuza wamathumbu futhi imvamisa kubandakanya ukukhipha ingxenye ethintekile yamathumbu nengxenye encane yamathumbu enempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona.

Lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa ezigabeni zokuqala, ukuhlinzeka kungenziwa kuphela ngokususa ingxenye encane yamathumbu, kepha lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa ngezigaba ezithuthuke kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi lowo muntu enze i-chemo noma i-radiotherapy ukunciphisa ubukhulu besimila futhi kungenzeka ukwenza ukuhlinzwa. Bona ukuthi ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamathumbu kwenziwa kanjani.

Ukululama ngemuva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamathumbu kuthatha isikhathi futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa umuntu angathola ubuhlungu, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo kanye nokuba khona kwegazi esitokisini, kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela uma lezi zimpawu ziphikelela.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela angancoma ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi ezinhlungu noma imishanguzo elwa nokuvuvukala ukukhuthaza ukululama nokunciphisa izimpawu ezingase zivele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ngaphezu kwama-antibiotic ukuvikela izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuya ngezinga nobukhulu bomdlavuza, udokotela angancoma i-chemo noma i-radiation therapy.

2. I-Radiotherapy

I-Radiotherapy ingakhonjiswa ukunciphisa ubukhulu besimila, kunconywe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabuye kuboniswe ukuze kulawulwe izimpawu nokuvimbela ukukhula kwesisu. Ngakho-ke, i-radiotherapy ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene:

• Ngaphandle: imisebe ivela emshinini, edinga ukuthi isiguli siye esibhedlela siyokwelashwa, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngesonto, ngokwesibonakaliso.
• Ngaphakathi: imisebe ivela ekufakweni okuqukethe okokukhipha imisebe okubekwe eceleni kwesimila, futhi kuya ngohlobo, isiguli kufanele sihlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze sithole ukwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngemisebe ngokuvamile ayinabudlwangudlwangu kunaleyo yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kepha ifaka ukucasuka kwesikhumba endaweni ephethwe, isicanucanu, ukukhathala nokucasuka ku-rectum nasesinyeni. Le miphumela ijwayele ukwehla ekugcineni kokwelashwa, kepha ukucasuka kwe-rectum nesinye kungaqhubeka izinyanga.

3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Njenge-radiotherapy, i-chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa usayizi wesimila noma njengendlela yokulawula izimpawu nokukhula kwesimila, kepha le ndlela yokwelapha ingenziwa futhi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuqedwe amaseli carcinogens angakaqedwa ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhemikhali asetshenziswa kumdlavuza wamathumbu kungaba:

• I-Adjuvant: yenziwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza angasuswanga lapho kuhlinzwa;
• I-Neoadjuvant: isetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa isimila nokwenza lula ukusikhipha;
• Ngomdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu: isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa usayizi wesimila futhi iqede izimpawu ezibangelwa imastastases.

Ezinye izibonelo zemithi esetshenziswa ekhemotherapy yiCapecitabine, 5-FU ne-Irinotecan, engalawulwa ngomjovo noma ngefomu yethebhulethi. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungaba ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla nokuhuda okuvela njalo.

4. Ukwelashwa komzimba

I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa amasosha omzimba athile ajojelwe emzimbeni ukukhomba nokuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesimila namathuba we-metastasis. Le mithi ayiwathinti amaseli ajwayelekile, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise imiphumela emibi. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-immunotherapy yi-Bevacizumab, i-Cetuximab noma i-Panitumumab.

Imiphumela emibi ye-immunotherapy ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamathumbu kungaba ukuqubuka, isisu, isifo sohudo, ukopha, ukuzwela ezinkingeni zokukhanya noma zokuphefumula.