Unjani ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba

-Delile

• 1. Umdlavuza weMelanoma
• 2. Umdlavuza ongelona i-melanoma
• Izimpawu zokuthuthuka nokuya ngokuya ziba zimbi

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba kufanele kuboniswe yi-oncologist noma i-dermatologist futhi kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu, ukwandisa amathuba okuphulukiswa. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uhlale wazi izinguquko esikhunjeni, ezingakhombisa ukubonakala komdlavuza.

Ngokuya ngezici zesilonda, uhlobo lomdlavuza, usayizi nesimo somuntu jikelele, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa zinganconywa:

1. Umdlavuza weMelanoma

Umdlavuza wesikhumba wohlobo lwe-melanoma ubonakala ngokuba khona kwendawo eyodwa noma eziningi ezimnyama esikhunjeni ezikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nezishintshe ukwakheka kwazo. Ukwelapha lolu hlobo lomdlavuza obulalayo, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe i-radiotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, njengoba lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lunezinga eliphezulu lokukhula futhi lungathinta ngokushesha ezinye izitho.

Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwe-melanoma kwenziwa ngokususa ngokuhlinzwa isilonda esinomdlavuza bese kwenziwa i-chemotherapy noma i-radiotherapy, ngokusho kwesincomo sikadokotela. Ku-chemotherapy, imishanguzo isetshenziswa ngqo emthanjeni ukuze kuqedwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza angasuswanga ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Endabeni ye-radiotherapy, ama-X-ray asetshenziswa ngqo esikhunjeni ukuqeda amangqamuzana e-tumor asele.

Enye indlela yokwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba we-melanoma engakhonjiswa ngudokotela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, efana neVemurafenib, iNivolumab noma i-Ipilimumab, esiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba ukuze ikwazi ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza amaningi.

I-Melanoma uhlobo olubi kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba futhi, ngakho-ke, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufeza ikhambi, ikakhulukazi lapho kutholakala isimila esigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lapho kutholakala ezigabeni zokuqala, ukwelashwa kungasebenza impela. Noma ikhambi lingatholakali, ukwelashwa kwanele ukunciphisa izimpawu nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila seziguli.

2. Umdlavuza ongelona i-melanoma

Umdlavuza wesikhumba wohlobo lwe-non-melanoma ungabonakala njengesilonda esincane noma isigaxa esikhunjeni sombala obomvu, obomvu noma obomvana, esikhula ngokushesha futhi sakha isigaxa, futhi singahambisana nokudedelwa kwemfihlo nokunwaya. Umdlavuza wesikhumba ovame kakhulu futhi ongajwayelekile we-non-melanoma amangqamuzana e-basal ne-squamous, okulula ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lomdlavuza kwenziwa, isikhathi esiningi, kwenziwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa okuthi, ngokuya ngesimo somuntu jikelele, isigaba sokukhonjwa komdlavuza nohlobo, udokotela angakhombisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs micrographic: isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wesikhumba ebusweni, njengoba yenziwa ukususa izingqimba ezincane zesikhumba ukususa wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi ugweme ukususa izicubu eziningi ezinempilo futhi ushiye izibazi ezijulile kakhulu;
• Ukuhlinzwa ngokususwa okulula: luhlobo lokuhlinzwa olusetshenziswa kakhulu, lapho kukhishwa zonke izilonda ezibangelwa umdlavuza kanye nezinye izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile;
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Electro: kukhishwa isimila bese kusetshenziswa umsinga omncane kagesi ukunqanda ukuphuma kwegazi nokuqeda amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza okungenzeka asalile esikhunjeni;
• I-Cryosurgery: isetshenziswa ezimweni ze-carcinoma in situ, lapho i-lesion ichazwa kahle khona, futhi kuyenzeka ukuthi iqandiswe kuze kuqedwe wonke amaseli amabi.

Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho umdlavuza usesezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, kusengadingeka ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe amasonto ambalwa ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele angasuswanga lapho kuhlinzwa.

Izimpawu zokuthuthuka nokuya ngokuya ziba zimbi

Ukwehla kwezilonda nokungabi bikho kwezilonda ezintsha kuyakhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakusebenza ngempumelelo, okuyisibonakaliso sokwenza ngcono umdlavuza, okuvame kakhulu ezimweni lapho umdlavuza ubonakala futhi welashwa esigabeni sokuqala. Yazi ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngesikhathi noma kusesigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu, izimpawu zokuwohloka ziyavela kalula, okungenzeka kube nezilonda zesikhumba ezintsha, ubuhlungu endaweni yezilonda nokukhathala ngokweqile, ngokwesibonelo.