Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-OCD?

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-OCD?
• Ukuhlanza nokungcola
• Ukulinganisa noku-oda
• Imicabango engavunyelwe
• Ukuzitholela
• I-OCD itholakala kanjani?
• Yini ebangela i-OCD?
• Umlando womndeni
• Izimbangela zezinto eziphilayo
• Izici zemvelo
• Iphathwa kanjani i-OCD?
• Uyini umbono wabantu abane-OCD?
• Okubalulekile

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I-Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) yisimo sempilo yengqondo esibandakanya:

• Ukuqaphela. Lezi zimpawu zibandakanya imicabango noma imibono engadingeki ephazamisa impilo yakho futhi ekwenze kube nzima kuwe ukugxila kwezinye izinto.
• Ukuphoqeleka. Lezi zimpawu zibandakanya izinto ozwa ukuthi kufanele uzenze ngendlela ethile ekuphenduleni ukukhathazeka.

I-OCD ingabonisa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngenkathi kungekho ukuhlukaniswa okusemthethweni noma ama-subtypes we-OCD, kusikisela ukuthi abantu babone izimpawu ze-OCD ezigabeni ezine eziyinhloko:

• ukuhlanza nokungcola
• ukulinganisa noku-oda
• imicabango nemishayo engavunyelwe, eyingozi, noma engavumelekile
• ukuqongelela, lapho isidingo sokuqoqa noma sokugcina izinto ezithile sihlobene nokuthatheka noma ukuphoqelelwa

Lawa maqembu ezimpawu abuye achazwe kuhlelo lwakamuva lweDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo bangabhekisela kubo njengobukhulu bezimpawu kune-OCD subtypes.

Akuwona wonke umuntu ophila ne-OCD ohlangabezana nakho ngendlela efanayo. Izimpawu ezithile zingafana phakathi kwabanye abantu. Noma kunjalo, izimpawu zingahluka kakhulu. Ungahle ube nezimpawu ezivela kubukhulu obungaphezu koyedwa.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngobukhulu bomtholampilo be-OCD, kufaka phakathi izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, izimbangela, nokwelashwa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-OCD?

Nge-OCD, unemicabango noma ukuphoqelelwa okukucasulayo futhi kubangele ukucindezeleka. Ungazama ukungabanaki noma ukubakhipha engqondweni yakho, kepha lokhu ngokuvamile kunzima noma akunakwenzeka.

Noma uyeka ukucabanga ngabo isikhashana, bavame ukubuya.

Uma uhlala ne-OCD, ungahle ube nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Izimpawu zakho zingavela kakhulu eqenjini elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kweqembu elilodwa.

Ukuhlanza nokungcola

Lolu hlobo lwesifo lungafaka:

• ukukhathazeka okungapheli ngamagciwane noma ukugula
• imicabango yokuzizwa ungcolile noma ungahlanzekile (emzimbeni noma engqondweni)
• ukwesaba okuqhubekayo mayelana nokuchayeka egazini, izinto ezinobuthi, amagciwane, noma eminye imithombo yokungcola
• ukugwema imithombo engaba khona yokungcola
• ukuphoqelelwa ukususa izinto ozibheka zingcolile (noma ngabe azingcolile)
• ukuphoqelelwa ukugeza noma ukuhlanza izinto ezingcolile
• imikhuba ethile yokuhlanza noma yokuwasha, njengokugeza izandla noma ukuklwebha indawo izikhathi ezithile

Ukulinganisa noku-oda

Lezi zimpawu zingabandakanya:

• isidingo sezinto noma sezinto okufanele siqondaniswe ngendlela ethile
• isidingo esedlulele sokulinganisa noma inhlangano ezintweni
• isidingo sokulinganisa ngezenzo (uma uklwebha idolo lakho lesobunxele, kufanele futhi uziklwebhe idolo lakho langakwesokudla)
• ukuphoqeleka ukuhlela izinto zakho noma ezinye izinto kuze kube yilapho zizizwa "zilungile"
• ukuzizwa ungaphelele lapho izinto zinganembile
• amasiko wokubala, njengokudinga ukubala uye enombolweni ethile ngezikhathi ezithile
• ukucabanga ngomlingo, noma ukukholelwa kokuthile okubi kuzokwenzeka uma ungahleleli noma uhlele izinto ngendlela efanele
• amasiko wenhlangano noma izindlela ezithile zokuqondanisa izinto

Imicabango engavunyelwe

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• imicabango evame ukungena ngaphakathi evame ukuba nobulili noma ubudlova ngokwemvelo
• ukuba necala, amahloni nokunye ukukhathazeka ngemicabango yakho
• ukuphikiswa okungapheli kokuthanda kwakho ngokobulili, izifiso zakho, noma izintshisekelo zakho zocansi
• ukukhathazeka okungapheli kokuthi uzosebenza ngemicabango yakho yokungena noma ukuthi ukuba nayo kukwenza umuntu omubi
• uvame ukukhathazeka ukuthi uzozilimaza wena noma omunye umuntu ngaphandle kwencazelo
• ukuthanda imibono yezenkolo ezwa ukuhlambalaza noma okungalungile
• imizwa ephikelelayo yokubophezeleka ekwenzeni izinto ezimbi zenzeke
• ukuphoqelelwa ukufihla izinto ongazisebenzisa njengesikhali
• ufuna ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi ngeke wenze ngokulandela imicabango engathandeki
• ufuna ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi awuyena umuntu omubi
• amasiko engqondo okuqeda noma ukukhansela imicabango yakho
• ukubuyekeza kaningi imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awulimalanga muntu, kungaba ngokwengqondo noma ngokomzimba ukubuyisa izinyathelo zakho

Abantu njengamanje bachaza "uhlobo" lwe-OCD abalubiza ngokuthi “O olumsulwa,” oluchazwa njengokubandakanya ukuthatheka kanye nemicabango engathandeki yezocansi noma inkolo engenakho okuphoqelelwa kwangaphandle okubonakalayo.

Yize lokhu muva nje kube yigama elidumile, akusilo igama lomtholampilo noma lokuxilonga. Kungashiwo ukuthi kufana nezinye izimpawu ezibandakanya imicabango engavunyelwe.

Ukuzitholela

Izimpawu zalesi sigaba zivame ukufaka:

• ukukhathazeka okungapheli kokuthi ukulahla okuthile kungakulimaza wena noma omunye umuntu
• isidingo sokuqoqa inani elithile lezinto ukuze uzivikele wena noma omunye umuntu engozini
• ukwesaba okwedlulele kokulahla into ebalulekile noma ebalulekile ngengozi (njenge-imeyili enolwazi olubucayi noma oludingekayo)
• ukuphoqelelwa ukuthenga ukuphindaphinda kwento efanayo, noma ngabe awudingi lokho okuningi
• ubunzima bokulahla izinto ngoba ukuzithinta kungadala ukungcola
• uzizwe ungaphelele uma ungakwazi ukuthola impahla noma ulahlekelwe ngengozi noma uyilahle kude
• ukuphoqeleka ukuhlola noma ukubuyekeza izinto zakho

Ukuqoqwa komongo we-OCD kwehlukile kokuphazamiseka kokufunda, isimo esehlukile sezempilo yengqondo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukucindezeleka okubandakanyeka ku-OCD ehlobene nokuqoqa.

Uma une-OCD, awufuni zonke izinto oziqoqayo, kodwa ungazizwa uphoqelekile ukuzisindisa ngenxa yemicabango engalawuleki noma ephoqelelayo.

Enye ingxenye engezansi ye-OCD ifaka izindlela zokuziphatha, njenge:

• ukunyusa amahlombe
• ukukhipha umphimbo
• ecwayiza
• ukudikiza

Lezi zindlela zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka okungafuneki nemizwa yokucindezeleka noma ukungapheleli okungenzeka nge-OCD. Abantu abadala nezingane bobabili bangaba ne-OCD ehlobene ne-tic. Imvamisa lapho i-OCD iqala ebuntwaneni.

Izingane azihlali zizwa i-OCD ngendlela efanayo nabantu abadala. Ukuphoqeleka kungabandakanya izimpendulo ezingabonakali kahle, njengokugwema ukuxhumana noma ukuxhumana nomphakathi, kepha ngokujwayelekile kuyabonakala.

Ukuqaphela kungabonakala kungabonakali kangako. Isibonelo, ukucabanga ngomlingo, ukufuna ukuqinisekiswa, nokuhlola isimilo kungafana nezigaba ezijwayelekile zokuthuthuka.

Izingane nazo zivame ukuzwa uhla lwezimpawu eziningi kunabantu abadala.

I-OCD itholakala kanjani?

Uma wena noma othandekayo unezimpawu ze-OCD, khuluma nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwengqondo. Bangakwazi ukuxilonga i-OCD futhi basebenze nawe ukuthola uhlobo lwezokwelapha oluphumelela kakhulu.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwengqondo uzokubuza ngezinhlobo zezimpawu ohlangabezana nazo, noma ngabe zibangela ukucindezeleka, nokuthi zingakanani isikhathi abazithatha usuku ngalunye.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-OCD ngokuvamile kudinga ukuthi izimpawu zithinte ukusebenza kwakho kwansuku zonke futhi kudle okungenani ihora losuku lwakho.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwengqondo uzobona iqembu lezimpawu ohlangabezana nazo, ngoba akuzona zonke izindlela zokwelashwa ze-OCD ezinezinzuzo ezifanayo kuzo zonke izimpawu.

Bazophinda futhi bahlole uma ngabe unama-tics noma ezinye izimpawu zokuziphatha futhi baxoxe ngezinga lokuqonda noma izinkolelo onazo ezizungeze ukukhathazeka nokuphoqeleka onakho.

Ngamanye amagama, bazofuna ukwazi ukuthi uzizwa yini ukuthi izinkolelo ezihlobene ne-OCD kungenzeka zenzeke, zingenzeka, noma nakanjani ngeke zenzeke.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzobuza nokuthi unesikhathi esingakanani unezimpawu. Imiphumela yocwaningo luka-2009 iphakamisa ukuthi izimpawu ze-OCD eziqala ebuntwaneni zivame ukuba nzima kakhulu.

Yini ebangela i-OCD?

Ochwepheshe abaqondi ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba ne-OCD. Banemibono ethile mayelana nezimbangela ezingaba khona, kufaka phakathi:

Umlando womndeni

Kungenzeka ukuthi ube ne-OCD uma ilungu lomndeni nalo linaso lesi simo. I-OCD ehlobene ne-Tic nayo ibonakala inamathuba amaningi okusebenza emindenini.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka izakhi ezithile zofuzo zingabamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni, kodwa abakakatholi noma yiziphi izakhi zofuzo ezithile ezibangela i-OCD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubona bonke abantu abane-OCD futhi abanelungu lomndeni elinalesi simo.

Izimbangela zezinto eziphilayo

I-chemistry yobuchopho nayo ingadlala indima. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho noma izinkinga zokudluliswa kwamakhemikhali athile obuchopho, njenge-serotonin ne-norepinephrine, angaba neqhaza ku-OCD.

Izici zemvelo

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukuhlukumezeka, ukuhlukunyezwa, noma ezinye izehlakalo ezicindezelayo zingadlala indima ekuthuthukiseni i-OCD nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo.

Esinye isici sezemvelo esixhunyaniswe ne-OCD yi-PANDAS, emele ukuphazamiseka kwengane okuzenzakalelayo kwe-neuropsychiatric okuhambisana nokutheleleka nge-streptococcal.

Lokhu kuxilongwa kwenzeka ezinganeni ezithola ukutheleleka nge-strep bese ngokuzumayo zihlakulela izimpawu ze-OCD, noma zithole izimpawu ze-OCD ezimbi kakhulu ngemuva kokutheleleka nge-strep.

Kunobufakazi obuncane bokuphakamisa ukuthi kunezici ezithile ezingaba nomthelela ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-OCD. Kepha obheka abantu abasha abangu-124 abane-OCD basikisela ukuthi i-OCD ehlobene nokufundisa ibonakala ivame ukusebenza emindenini.

Iphathwa kanjani i-OCD?

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ngokuvamile babheka ukwelashwa nemithi, noma inhlanganisela yalokhu okubili, ukuze kube nenzuzo enkulu ekwelapheni i-OCD.

Ukuvikeleka kokuvezwa nokuphendula (i-ERP), uhlobo lwe-cognitive therapy (CBT), ngokuvamile kuyindlela enconywayo. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lukuvezela kancane kancane ezifundweni zokukhathazeka kwakho noma ezintweni ezidala ukuphoqwa.

Endaweni ephephile yokwelashwa, ungafunda ukuthi ubhekana kanjani nokungakhululeki obhekana nakho ngaphandle kokulingisa okuphoqelelwe. Mhlawumbe futhi uzosebenzisa isikhathi esithile ukuzijwayeza lawa makhono ekhaya noma kwezinye izindawo ezingaphandle kokwelapha.

Uma unezimpawu ezinzima ze-OCD, noma uma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zingaphenduli ekwelashweni kuphela, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo yengqondo angancoma ukukhuluma nodokotela wezifo zengqondo ngemithi.

Ungathatha imithi okwesikhashana nje ngenkathi ufunda ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezimpawu zokwelashwa. Izidakamizwa ezingasizakala ngezimpawu ze-OCD zifaka imishanguzo yokudambisa ingcindezi efana ne-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe (SSRIs) noma i-antipsychotic.

Ukwelashwa okusiza kakhulu i-OCD kwesinye isikhathi kungancika kwizimpawu zakho. Ukubuyekezwa okukodwa kuka-2008 kubheke kwizifundo ezikhona mayelana nokuthi izimpawu ze-OCD zisabela kanjani ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa. Abaphenyi bathole ubufakazi bokusikisela ezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu, njengokuhlanza kanye nezimpawu zokungcola, kungenzeka zingaphenduli kuma-SSRI.

Isifundo esifanayo sikhombisa nokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-ERP kungenzeka kungasebenzi kwimicabango engalawuleki. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-CBT, ezinjenge-CBT enengqondo, ingaba nenzuzo ethe xaxa.

Noma kunjalo, imiphumela yocwaningo ingahluka. Abantu ababili ngeke baphendule njalo ekwelashweni ngendlela efanayo, noma ngabe banezimpawu ezifanayo kakhulu.

Ukugqugquzela ubuchopho obujulile uhlobo olusha lwezokwelapha olungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu ze-OCD kubantu abangaboni ngcono ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Le ndlela yokwelashwa ayikacwaningwa ngokugcwele, noma kunjalo. Kungaba nezingozi ezithile zempilo. Uma unentshisekelo ekuvuseleleni okujulile kobuchopho, udokotela wakho wokunakekelwa oyinhloko noma umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengqondo angakwazi ukunikeza imininingwane ethe xaxa.

Abantu abaningi babhekana nezimpawu ezincane ezicasulayo noma eziphoqelelayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Akuvamile futhi ukuba nemicabango yokungenela noma ukugxila kokungahle kusho ukuthi. Kepha kungaba yisikhathi sokuthola usizo lwe-OCD uma:

• ukuthatheka noma ukuphoqelelwa kuthatha ngaphezu kwehora losuku lwakho
• imicabango yokungena ngaphakathi noma imizamo yakho yokuyicindezela idala ukucindezeleka
• Izimpawu ze-OCD ziyakucasula, zikukhungathekise, noma zibangele okunye ukucindezeleka
• Izimpawu ze-OCD zingena endleleni yezinto ozidingayo noma ofuna ukuzenza
• Izimpawu ze-OCD zithinta kabi impilo yakho nobudlelwano bakho

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo angakudlulisela kumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwengqondo, njengomelaphi. Ungaphinda useshe owelapha endaweni yangakini ku-inthanethi.

Amawebhusayithi afana nalawa anikezela izinkomba zabelaphi ezikusiza ukuthi uthole abahlinzeki abanakekela abakhethekile:

• Inhlangano Yokukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka YaseMelika. Banikeza ukwesekwa nezinsizakusebenza kubantu kanye nemindeni ethintwe yi-OCD futhi banikeze umkhombandlela womeluleki ukukusiza uthole usizo endaweni yangakini.
• I-International OCD Foundation. Bangakusiza ukuthi uthole ukusekelwa endaweni yangakini nolwazi mayelana ne-OCD.

• Uyini umbono wabantu abane-OCD?

  Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izimpawu ze-OCD zingase zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zithinte ubudlelwane bakho kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.

  Ngokusho kwe-DSM-5, abantu "abangaqondi kahle" - labo abakholelwa kakhulu ekuthatheni ngokweqile kwe-OCD nokuphoqelelwa - bangaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuba nokuqonda okungekuhle nge-OCD kungenza ukwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

  Ngokwelashwa, izimpawu ze-OCD zivame ukuthuthuka. Ukuthola ukwelashwa kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.

  Ukwelashwa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ngezinye izikhathi. Ukwelashwa ikakhulukazi kungavusa imizwa yokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Kepha namathela kuhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, noma ngabe unenkinga nalo ekuqaleni.

  Uma ukwelashwa kungabonakali kusebenza noma imithi yakho idala imiphumela emibi, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungadinga ukuzama izindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukahlukene ngaphambi kokuthola leyo eholela ekwenzeni ngcono kakhulu.

  Ukusebenza nomelaphi onozwela oqonda izimpawu nezidingo zakho kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza ngcono.

  Okubalulekile

  Izimpawu ze-OCD zingabonisa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi i-OCD ihlanganiswe nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo nezimo, njenge-schizophrenia, ukukhathazeka, isifo se-tic, noma i-OCD yangemva kokubeletha.

  Noma ngabe unaziphi izimpawu, ukwelashwa kungasiza.

  Uma ulwa nezibopho zansuku zonke kanye nobudlelwano bomuntu siqu ngenxa yezimpawu ze-OCD, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko noma owelapha. Bangakusiza uthole ukwelashwa okufanele ukukusiza ufunde ukubhekana ne-OCD.