Izinhlobo Zamawele

-Delile

• Amawele afanayo
• Amawele omndeni
• Ingabe kukhona uhlobo lwesithathu?
• Imicimbi engajwayelekile yokukhulelwa amawele
• Amawele wesithombe sezibuko
• Amawele ahlanganisiwe
• Amawele angama-parasitic
• Amawele afana ncamashi
• Amawele omfana / amantombazane angama-monozygotic (afanayo)
• Amawele omndeni ahlukile
• Amawele aneminyaka ehlukene
• Amawele anobaba abehlukene
• Amawele ezinhlanga ezahlukene
• Izingozi zezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa amawele
• Ukuthatha

Abantu bahehwa amawele, futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi yokuzala, kunamawele amaningi kunanoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi emlandweni. Eqinisweni, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), e2017, e-United States babengamawele.

Amawele afanayo nawubuzalwane yiwona avame kakhulu, kepha kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezingavamile. Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngamawele.

Amawele afanayo

Amawele afanayo abizwa nangokuthi amawele e-monozygotic, okusho ukuthi iqanda elilodwa elikhulelwe. Zenzeka lapho iqanda elilodwa livundiswa isidoda esisodwa njengokujwayelekile, kepha iqanda lihlukana kabili ngemuva nje kwalokho. Isigamu ngasinye bese sikhula sibe ingane.

Ngoba ekuqaleni zazivela eqandeni nasesidodeni esifanayo, amaphesenti ayi-100 ama-chromosomes awo ayafana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bobulili obufanayo futhi banezici ezifanayo zofuzo, njengezinwele nombala wamehlo.

Kodwa-ke, izinto ezisendaweni ezikuyo, njengokuthi igumbi ngalinye ngamunye wayenalo kangakanani esibelethweni, zingadala umehluko omncane ekubukekeni kwazo.

Amawele omndeni

Elinye igama lamawele omndeni ngamawele angama-dizygotic, okusho amaqanda amabili avundisiwe. Yimiphumela yokuthi umama akhiphe amaqanda amabili ngasikhathi sinye neqanda ngalinye livundiswa isidoda esihlukile.

Ngoba zivela kumaqanda ahlukene nesidoda, babelana kuphela ngamaphesenti angama-50 ama-chromosomes abo njenganoma yiziphi ezinye izingane zakubo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangaba nobulili obufanayo noma obuhlukile futhi abafani.

Ingabe kukhona uhlobo lwesithathu?

Kungaba nohlobo lwesithathu olubizwa nge-polar body noma amawele acishe afane. Abanye odokotela basikisela ukuthi lokhu kuzochaza ukuthi kungani amanye amawele omzalwane ebukeka efana, kodwa akukaze kufakazelwe ukuthi lolu hlobo lukhona.

Lapho iqanda likhishwa, lingahlukana kabili. Incane yalezi zingxenye ezimbili ibizwa ngokuthi umzimba we-polar. Inakho konke ekudingayo ukuze ikhule ibe yingane uma ivundisiwe. Kodwa-ke, kunoketshezi oluncane kakhulu (i-cytoplasm) ngaphakathi kwalo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile lincane kakhulu ukuthi lungaphila.

Uma umzimba we-polar usinda, ungavundiswa ngesidoda esisodwa lapho ingxenye enkulu yeqanda ifakwa ngomunye. Umphumela uzoba ngamawele we-polar.

Ngoba zivela eqandeni elilodwa, ama-chromosomes avela kunina ayafana. Abahlanganyeli ngama-chromosomes avela kuyise. Bangase babe noma bangabi ubulili obufanayo.

Imicimbi engajwayelekile yokukhulelwa amawele

Iningi lokukhulelwa amawele liphela ngokuzalwa kwezingane ezimbili ezinempilo. Kwesinye isikhathi, izehlakalo ezingajwayelekile zenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma kusenesikhathi sokukhulelwa okungamawele okuholela kumawele ahlukile.

Amawele wesithombe sezibuko

Lesi isiqeshana samawele afanayo esenzeka lapho iqanda lihlukanisa izinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kwayi-12 ngemuva kokukhulelwa, esikhundleni saphakathi kweviki lokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbungu okhulayo usuvele wakha uhlangothi olungakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla.

La mawele ayizithombe ezifanayo kodwa ezibukwayo.

Isibonelo, izinwele zabo zingase zijikeleze ngezindlela ezihlukile, amazinyo abo angaqala ukungena ezinhlangothini eziphambene zomlomo wabo, kanti omunye angaba nesandla sokudla ngenkathi omunye eyinxele. Bangase bawele ngisho nemilenze yabo ezinhlangothini eziphambene.

Amawele ahlanganisiwe

Lawa ngamawele afanayo axhumene ngokomzimba.

Abanye odokotela bathi kungenxa yokuthi iqanda elikhulelisiwe alihlukani ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho ihlukanisa izinsuku eziyi-12 noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Abanye bathi iqanda elihlukane ngokuphelele kodwa kamuva lahlangana futhi.

Indawo ye-fusion iyahlukahluka, kepha imvamisa isifuba noma isisu. Ubungako be-fusion buyehluka futhi, kepha cishe njalo amawele abelana ngesitho esisodwa noma eziningi ezibalulekile.

Amawele ahlanganisiwe avame ukufa ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa kwawo. Labo abasindayo kwesinye isikhathi bangahlukaniswa kuye ngokuthi bajoyinephi nokuthi yiziphi izitho ezabiwayo.

Yize ejoyinisiwe, la mawele angabantu ababili abangacabanga ngokuzimela.

Amawele angama-parasitic

Amawele ama-parasitic awuhlobo lwamawele ahlanganisiwe lapho iwele elincike kuncike kwelinye elikhulu. Iwele elincane alakheki ngokuphelele futhi kungenzeka lingabi nezitho ezibalulekile njengobuchopho noma inhliziyo eyakheke ngokuphelele.

Iwele elincane lingakha noma kuphi emzimbeni welinye iwele futhi livele linoma yini efana nesigaxa esincane esingabonakali, ikhanda lesibili elingasebenzi, noma izitho ezingeziwe ezinamathele ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezingahleliwe.

Izinhlobo zamawele angama-parasitic afaka:

• Isibumbu ku-fetu. Lokhu kulapho iwele elincinanisayo likhula ngaphakathi komzimba wewele elikhudlwana kunangaphandle kwalo.
• Amawele e-Acardiac. I-twin to twin transfusion syndrome yenzeka lapho iwele elilodwa elifana nelinye lithola ukugeleza kwegazi okuningi futhi elinye lithola kancane nge-placenta eyabiwe. Amawele e-Acardiac anefomu elibi lalokhu lapho iwele elincane liyi-torso kuphela enemilenze noma engenayo enhliziyo elahlekile noma engalungile.

Amawele afana ncamashi

Lolu hlobo luwumphumela wezidoda ezimbili ezihlukene ezifaka umquba eqandeni elilodwa. Ukuze lisinde, leli qanda kufanele lihlukaniswe kabili ingxenye ngayinye ibe nenani elifanele lama-chromosomes.

Kube nezigameko ezimbili kuphela ezibikiwe zamawele afana ncamashi.

Amawele omfana / amantombazane angama-monozygotic (afanayo)

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, amawele afanayo angaba ubulili obuhlukile. La mawele aqala njengamawele wesilisa afanayo. Njengabo bonke abesilisa, bobabili banama-chromosomes ocansi e-XY, esikhundleni se-XX njengabo bonke abesifazane.

Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuba iqanda lihlukane kabili, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kubangela iwele elilodwa lilahlekelwe i-chromosome yalo yocansi, liliguqule libe yi-X0. Lokhu kuguquka kubizwa ngokuthi yi-Turner syndrome.

Njengoba kune-X chromosome eyodwa kuphela, iwele libukeka liyisifazane kodwa linobunzima bokukhula kusukela ekuqaleni kokuzalwa kanye nezinkinga zokuzala kamuva empilweni. Enye ingane ayithinteki.

Amawele omndeni ahlukile

Amawele aneminyaka ehlukene

ISuperfetation isho ukukhuleliswa kweqanda lesibili kowesifazane osekhulelwe vele.

Kuyaqabukela kakhulu ngoba abesifazane bavame ukuyeka ukukhipha amaqanda ngokushesha nje lapho bekhulelwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo sokuya esikhathini kubizwa ngokuthi yi-superfecundation.

Amawele anobaba abehlukene

I-Heteropaternal superfecundation kulapho amaqanda amabili akhishwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene emjikelezweni ofanayo we-ovulation efakwa ngobaba abahlukene. Kuvamile ezilwaneni kepha akuvamile kakhulu kubantu.

Amawele ezinhlanga ezahlukene

Lokhu kungenzeka ngokwemvelo ngezindlela ezintathu, kepha konke akunakwenzeka.

• Amawele omndeni azalwa ngabazali abayizinhlanga ezahlukene. Iwele elilodwa liba nazo zonke izici zikamama ngenkathi elinye lithatha ubaba.
• Ukwehliswa ngokweqile kweHeteropaternal lapho obaba bobabili beyizinhlanga ezihlukile. Iwele ngalinye linezici zohlanga lukababa wazo.
• Bobabili abazali bayizizwe ezimbili. Izakhi zofuzo kusidoda noma eqandeni lomuntu wezinhlanga ezehlukene kuvame ukuholela ezicini eziyinhlanganisela yazo zombili izinhlanga. Kodwa-ke, uma izakhi zofuzo ezivela kokubili isidoda neqanda lewele elilodwa ziholela kakhulu kuzici zomjaho owodwa ngenkathi izakhi zofuzo zelinye iwele ziholela kakhulu kuzici zomunye umjaho, amawele azobukeka njengezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene.

Izingozi zezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa amawele

Ukukhulelwa okunemibungu eminingi kuvame ukubhekwa njengengozi enkulu ngoba bangaba namathuba amaningi wobunzima obufana nalokhu:

• Ukuthatha

  Amawele amaningi ayizelamani noma ayafana. Kungaba nohlobo lwesithathu olubizwa ngamawele womzimba we-polar.

  Amawele ahlukile angavela lapho izimo ezingavamile zenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukukhula kwasekuqaleni.

  Ixhaswe yi-Baby Jove