I-Tyrosine: Izinzuzo, Imiphumela emibi kanye Nesilinganiso

-Delile

• Kuyini iTyrosine futhi Kwenzani?
• Kungathuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwengqondo Ezimweni Ezicindezelayo
• Kungasiza AbanePhenylketonuria
• Ubufakazi Mayelana Nemiphumela Yako Ekucindezelekeni Buhlanganisiwe
• Imiphumela emibi yeTyrosine
• I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Indlala iHormone
• I-Levodopa (L-dopa)
• Ungangeza Kanjani Nge-Tyrosine
• Okusemqoka

I-Tyrosine iyisengezo esidumile sokudla esisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuqapha, ukunaka nokugxila.

Ikhiqiza amakhemikhali obuchopho abalulekile asiza amangqamuzana ezinzwa ukuthi axhumane futhi angahle alawule nemizwa ().

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinzuzo, ukwengeza nge-tyrosine kungaba nemiphumela emibi futhi kuhlanganyele nemithi.

Le ndatshana ikutshela konke odinga ukukwazi nge-tyrosine, kufaka phakathi izinzuzo zayo, imiphumela emibi nemithamo enconyiwe.

Kuyini iTyrosine futhi Kwenzani?

I-Tyrosine iyi-amino acid ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni kusuka kwenye i-amino acid ebizwa nge-phenylalanine.

Kutholakala ekudleni okuningi, ikakhulukazi kushizi, lapho itholakale khona okokuqala. Eqinisweni, i- "tyros" isho ukuthi "ushizi" ngesiGreki ().

Kutholakala nenkukhu, i-turkey, inhlanzi, imikhiqizo yobisi nokunye okuningi kokudla okunama-protein amaningi ().

I-Tyrosine isiza ukwenza izinto eziningana ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi (4):

• I-Dopamine: I-Dopamine ilawula izikhungo zakho zemivuzo nezenjabulo. Leli khemikhali elibalulekile lobuchopho nalo libalulekile emakhonweni enkumbulo nawomoto ().
• I-Adrenaline ne-noradrenaline: La mahormoni abhekele impendulo yokulwa noma yokundiza ezimeni ezicindezelayo. Balungiselela umzimba ukuthi "ulwe" noma "ubalekele" ekuhlaselweni okubonakalayo noma ekulimaleni ().
• Amahomoni wegilo: Amahomoni wegilo akhiqizwa yindlala yegilo futhi ngokuyinhloko enesibopho sokulawula imetabolism ().
• I-Melanin: Le pigment inika isikhumba sakho, izinwele namehlo umbala wayo. Abantu abanebala elimnyama bane-melanin eningi esikhunjeni sabo kunabantu abanebala elikhanyayo ().

Iphinde itholakale njengesengezo sokudla. Ungayithenga yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nezinye izithako, njengokungezelelwa kokuzivocavoca kwangaphambili.

Ukwengeza nge-tyrosine kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhulisa amazinga e-neurotransmitters dopamine, adrenaline ne-norepinephrine.

Ngokwandisa la ma-neurotransmitters, kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni inkumbulo nokusebenza ezimweni ezicindezelayo (4).

Isifinyezo I-Tyrosine iyi-amino acid eyenziwa ngumzimba kusuka ku-phenylalanine. Ukwengeza ngayo kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhulisa amakhemikhali obuchopho obalulekile, athinta imizwa yakho nokuphendula kwengcindezi.

Kungathuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwengqondo Ezimweni Ezicindezelayo

Ukucindezeleka kuyinto umuntu wonke abhekana nayo.

Lokhu kucindezeleka kungathinta kabi ukucabanga kwakho, inkumbulo, ukunakekela kanye nolwazi lwakho ngokunciphisa ama-neurotransmitters (,).

Isibonelo, izinduku ezazichaye emakhazeni (okucindezela imvelo) zazinenkumbulo engakhubazekile ngenxa yokwehla kwama-neurotransmitters (10,).

Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi la magundane enikezwa isengezo se-tyrosine, ukwehla kwama-neurotransmitters kwaguqulwa futhi inkumbulo yabo yabuyiselwa.

Ngenkathi idatha yamagundane ingahumushi kubantu, izifundo zabantu zithole imiphumela efanayo.

Kokunye ukuhlola kwabesifazane abangama-22, i-tyrosine yathuthukisa kakhulu inkumbulo yokusebenza ngesikhathi somsebenzi odinga ingqondo, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo. Imemori yokusebenza idlala indima ebalulekile ekugxileni nasekulandeleni imiyalelo ().

Ocwaningweni olufanayo, ababambiqhaza abangama-22 banikezwa isengezo se-tyrosine noma i-placebo ngaphambi kokuqeda isivivinyo esisetshenziselwa ukukala ukuguquguquka kwengqondo. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo, i-tyrosine itholakale ithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwengqondo ().

Ukuguquguquka kwengqondo kuyikhono lokushintsha phakathi kwemisebenzi noma imicabango. Ngokushesha lapho umuntu engashintsha imisebenzi, kukhulu ukuguquguquka kwengqondo.

Ngokwengeziwe, ukwengeza nge-tyrosine kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuzuze labo abantula ubuthongo. Umthamo owodwa wawo usize abantu abalahlekelwe ukulala ubusuku ukuhlala beqaphile amahora amathathu ubude kunalokho ().

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibuyekezo ezimbili ziphethe ngokuthi ukwengeza nge-tyrosine kungaguqula ukwehla kwengqondo futhi kuthuthukise ukuqonda ezimeni zesikhashana, ezicindezelayo noma ezifuna ngokwengqondo (15,).

Futhi ngenkathi i-tyrosine ingahlinzeka ngezinzuzo zokuqonda, abukho ubufakazi obuphakamise ukuthi buthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba kubantu (,,).

Okokugcina, alukho ucwaningo oluphakamisa ukuthi ukwengeza nge-tyrosine ngokungabikho kwengcindezi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ngamanye amagama, ngeke ikhuphule amandla akho obuchopho.

Isifinyezo Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-tyrosine ingasiza ukugcina amandla akho engqondo lapho ithathwa ngaphambi komsebenzi onengcindezi. Noma kunjalo, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukwengeza ngayo kungathuthukisa inkumbulo yakho.

Kungasiza AbanePhenylketonuria

I-Phenylketonuria (PKU) yisimo sezakhi zofuzo esingajwayelekile esibangelwa isici esakhiweni esisiza ukudala i-enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase ().

Umzimba wakho usebenzisa le enzyme ukuguqula i-phenylalanine ibe yi-tyrosine, esetshenziselwa ukudala ama-neurotransmitters (4).

Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwale enzyme, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukudiliza i-phenylalanine, ubangele ukuthi yakhe emzimbeni.

Indlela eyinhloko yokwelapha i-PKU ukulandela ukudla okukhethekile okunqanda ukudla okuqukethe i-phenylalanine (20).

Kodwa-ke, ngoba i-tyrosine yenziwa nge-phenylalanine, abantu abane-PKU bangantula i-tyrosine, okungaba nomthelela ezinkingeni zokuziphatha ().

Ukwengeza nge-tyrosine kungaba yindlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa lezi zimpawu, kepha ubufakazi buhlanganisiwe.

Kokunye ukubuyekeza, abacwaningi baphenye ngemiphumela yokwengezwa kwe-tyrosine eceleni noma endaweni yokudla okunomkhawulo we-phenylalanine ku-intelligence, ukukhula, isimo somsoco, amazinga okufa kwabantu kanye nekhwalithi yempilo ().

Abaphenyi bahlaziye izifundo ezimbili ezibandakanya abantu abangama-47 kodwa abatholanga mehluko phakathi kokufaka i-tyrosine ne-placebo.

Ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo ezintathu kufaka phakathi abantu abangama-56 nakho akutholanga mehluko obalulekile phakathi kokufaka i-tyrosine ne-placebo emiphumeleni elinganisiwe ().

Abaphenyi baphetha ngokuthi akukho zincomo ezingenziwa mayelana nokuthi izithasiselo ze-tyrosine ziyasebenza yini ekwelapheni i-PKU.

Isifinyezo I-PKU yisimo esibi kakhulu esingadala ukushoda kwe-tyrosine. Kudingeka izifundo eziningi ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe izincomo mayelana nokwelashwa ngezithasiselo ze-tyrosine.

Ubufakazi Mayelana Nemiphumela Yako Ekucindezelekeni Buhlanganisiwe

I-Tyrosine nayo kuthiwa isize ngokudangala.

Ukucatshangwa kucatshangwa ukuthi kwenzeka lapho ama-neurotransmitters ebuchosheni bakho engalingani. Ama-anti-depressants ajwayele ukunikezwa ukusiza ukuwahlela kabusha nokuwalinganisa ().

Ngoba i-tyrosine ingakhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitters, kuthiwa isebenza njenge-antidepressant ().

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lokuqala alusekeli lesi simangalo.

Kwesinye isifundo, abantu abangama-65 abanesifo sokudangala bathole i-100 mg / kg ye-tyrosine, i-2.5 mg / kg ye-anti-depressant ejwayelekile noma i-placebo usuku ngalunye amasonto amane. I-Tyrosine yatholakala ingenayo imiphumela yokulwa nokucindezelwa ().

Ukudangala kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungani isengezo sokudla njenge-tyrosine singasebenzi ekulweni nezimpawu zaso.

Noma kunjalo, abantu abacindezelekile abanamazinga aphansi e-dopamine, adrenaline noma i-noradrenaline bangazuza ngokunezela nge-tyrosine.

Eqinisweni, isifundo esisodwa phakathi kwabantu abanesifo sokudangala esine-dopamine sathi i-tyrosine inikeze izinzuzo ezibalulekile emitholampilo ().

Ukucindezeleka okuxhomeke ku-Dopamine kubonakala ngamandla aphansi nokuntuleka kwesisusa ().

Kuze kutholakale olunye ucwaningo, ubufakazi obukhona manje abusekeli ukwengeza nge-tyrosine ukwelapha izimpawu zokucindezeleka ().

Isifinyezo I-Tyrosine ingaguqulwa ibe ama-neurotransmitters athinta imizwa. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo alusekeli ukwengeza nalo ukulwa nezimpawu zokucindezeleka.

Imiphumela emibi yeTyrosine

I-Tyrosine “yaziwa ngokujwayelekile njengephephile” (i-GRAS) yi-Food and Drug Administration (28).

Kwengezwe ngokuphepha ngomthamo wama-68 mg ngekhilogremu (150 mg ngekhilogremu) wesisindo somzimba ngosuku kuze kube izinyanga ezintathu (15,,).

Ngenkathi i-tyrosine iphephile kubantu abaningi, ingadala imiphumela emibi futhi ihlanganyele nemithi.

I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

I-Tyramine iyi-amino acid esiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi futhi ikhiqizwa ukuwohloka kwe-tyrosine.

I-Tyramine iqoqa ekudleni lapho i-tyrosine ne-phenylalanine ziguqulwa zibe yi-tyramine yi-enzyme kuma-microorganisms (31).

Ushizi onjenge-cheddar noshizi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inyama ephulukisiwe noma ebhemayo, imikhiqizo yesoya nobhiya kuqukethe amazinga aphezulu we-tyramine (31).

Imithi elwa nokucindezelwa eyaziwa ngokuthi i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) ivimba i-enzyme monoamine oxidase, ediliza i-tyramine eyeqile emzimbeni (,,).

Ukuhlanganisa ama-MAOIs nokudla okuphezulu kwe-tyramine kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi ube sezingeni eliyingozi.

Kodwa-ke, akwaziwa ukuthi ukwengeza nge-tyrosine kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-tyramine emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ukuqapha kuyadingeka kulabo abathatha ama-MAOIs (, 35).

Indlala iHormone

Ihomoni yegilo i-triiodothyronine (T3) ne-thyroxine (T4) zisiza ekulawuleni ukukhula nasekuguqulweni komzimba emzimbeni.

Kubalulekile ukuthi amazinga e-T3 ne-T4 awekho phezulu kakhulu noma phansi kakhulu.

Ukwengeza nge-tyrosine kungathinta la mahomoni ().

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-tyrosine iyindawo yokwakha ama-hormone e-thyroid, ngakho-ke ukwengeza ngayo kungakhuphula amazinga abo kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, abantu abathatha imishanguzo ye-thyroid noma abane-thyroid engasebenzi ngokweqile kufanele baqaphele lapho bengeza nge-tyrosine.

I-Levodopa (L-dopa)

I-Levodopa (L-dopa) umuthi ovame ukwelashwa isifo sikaParkinson ().

Emzimbeni, i-L-dopa ne-tyrosine bancintisana ngokumuncwa emathunjini amancane, okungaphazamisa ukusebenza komuthi (38).

Ngakho-ke, imithamo yale mithi emibili kufanele ihlukaniswe ngamahora amaningi ukugwema lokhu.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-tyrosine iyaphenywa ukunciphisa ezinye zezimpawu ezihambisana nokwehla kwengqondo kubantu abadala (38,).

Isifinyezo I-Tyrosine iphephile kubantu abaningi. Noma kunjalo, ingahle ihlanganyele nemithi ethile.

Ungangeza Kanjani Nge-Tyrosine

Njengesengezo, i-tyrosine iyatholakala njenge-free-form amino acid noma i-N-acetyl L-tyrosine (NALT).

I-NALT incibilika kakhulu emanzini kunozakwabo wefomu yamahhala, kepha inezinga eliphansi lokuguqulwa libe yi-tyrosine emzimbeni (,).

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzodinga umthamo omkhulu we-NALT kune-tyrosine ukuthola umphumela ofanayo, okwenza ifomu lamahhala kube ukhetho oluthandayo.

I-Tyrosine ivame ukuthathwa ngemithamo ye-500-2,000 mg 30-60 imizuzu ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca, noma izinzuzo zayo ekusebenzeni kokuzivocavoca zihlala zingahambelani (42, 43).

Kubukeka sengathi kuyasebenza ekulondolozeni ukusebenza kwengqondo ngesikhathi sezimo ezicindezelayo ngokomzimba noma izikhathi zokuncishwa ubuthongo lapho kuthathwa ngemithamo esukela ku-45-68 mg ngephawundi ngalinye (100-150 mg ngekhilogremu) yesisindo somzimba.

Lokhu kungaba ngama-gramu ayi-7-10 womuntu ongamakhilogremu ayi-150 (68.2-kg).

Lezi zilinganiso eziphakeme zingabangela ukucasuka kwamathumbu futhi zihlukaniswe ngamanani amabili ahlukene, kuthathwe imizuzu engama-30 nengama-60 ngaphambi komcimbi ocindezelayo.

Isifinyezo I-Tyrosine njengefomu lamahhala i-amino acid iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwengeza. Imiphumela yayo emikhulu yokulwa nengcindezi iye yabonwa lapho ithathwa ngemithamo ka-45-68 mg ngephawundi ngalinye (100-150 mg ngekhilogremu) yesisindo somzimba cishe imizuzu engama-60 ngaphambi komcimbi ocindezelayo.

Okusemqoka

I-Tyrosine iyisengezo esidumile sokudla esisetshenziselwa izizathu ezahlukahlukene.

Emzimbeni, isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-neurotransmitters, athanda ukwehla ngaphansi kwezikhathi zezimo ezicindezelayo noma ezifuna ngokwengqondo.

Kunobufakazi obuhle bokuthi ukwengeza nge-tyrosine kugcwalisa la ma-neurotransmitter abalulekile futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwengqondo, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo.

Ukwengeza ngalo kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuphephile, noma ngabe kusetshenziswa imithamo ephezulu, kepha kunamandla okusebenzisana nemithi ethile, kudinga ukuqapha.

Ngenkathi i-tyrosine inezinzuzo eziningi, ukubaluleka kwayo kuhlala kungacaci kuze kutholakale ubufakazi obengeziwe.