Umuthi wokugomela i-HIV

-Delile

• Ngoba i-HIV ayikabi nawo umuthi wokugoma okwamanje
• Yini eyenza kube nzima ukwakha umuthi wokugomela i-HIV

Umuthi wokugomela igciwane le-HIV usesigabeni sokucwaninga, ucwaningwa ososayensi emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa awukho umuthi wokugoma osebenza ngempela. Eminyakeni edlule, kwakukhona imicabango eminingi yokuthi umuthi wokugoma ofanele ubuzotholakala, noma kunjalo, iningi lahluleka ukwedlula isigaba sesibili sokuhlola umuthi wokugoma, futhi awuzange wenziwe utholakale kubantu.

I-HIV yigciwane eliyinkimbinkimbi elisebenza ngqo engqamuzaneni eliyinhloko lamasosha omzimba, lidale ushintsho ekuphenduleni komzimba futhi lenze kube nzima ukulwa nalo. Funda kabanzi nge-HIV.

Ngoba i-HIV ayikabi nawo umuthi wokugoma okwamanje

Njengamanje, awukho umuthi wokugomela osebenza negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ngoba uziphatha ngokwehlukile kwamanye amagciwane, njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane wezinkukhu, ngokwesibonelo. Endabeni ye-HIV, leli gciwane lithinta elinye lamaseli wokuzivikela abaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni, i-CD4 T lymphocyte, elawula ukusabela komzimba wonke. Imithi yokugoma 'ejwayelekile' inikela ngengxenye yegciwane eliphilayo noma elifile, elanele ukwenza umzimba uqonde umenzeli owonayo futhi likhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba alwa nalelo gciwane.

Kodwa-ke, esimweni se-HIV, akwanele ukumane sikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies, ngoba lokho akwenele ukuthi umzimba ulwe nalesi sifo. Abantu abane-HIV banamasosha omzimba amaningi ajikeleza emizimbeni yabo, kodwa-ke lawa masosha omzimba awakwazi ukuqeda igciwane le-HIV. Ngakho-ke, umuthi wokugomela i-HIV kufanele usebenze ngokuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zemithi yokugoma etholakala ngokumelene namagciwane ajwayelekile kakhulu.

Yini eyenza kube nzima ukwakha umuthi wokugomela i-HIV

Enye yezinto evimba ukwenziwa komuthi wokugomela i-HIV iqiniso lokuthi igciwane lihlasela iseli elibhekele ukulawulwa kwamasosha omzimba, i-CD4 T lymphocyte, edala ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane okungalawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingashintshwa kaningana, futhi lingaba nezici ezihlukile phakathi kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe kutholakala umuthi wokugomela igciwane le-HIV, omunye umuntu angahle aphathe leli gciwane eliguquliwe, ngokwesibonelo, ngalokho umuthi ngeke ube nomthelela.

Okunye okwenza izifundo zibe nzima ukuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculaza alinalo ulaka ezilwaneni, ngakho-ke, izivivinyo zingenziwa kuphela ngezinkawu (ngoba zine-DNA efana kakhulu neyabantu) noma kubantu uqobo. Ukucwaninga ngezinkawu kuyabiza kakhulu futhi kunemithetho eqinile yokuvikela izilwane, okwenza ucwaningo olunjalo lungasebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi kubantu alukho ucwaningo oluningi oludlulile esigabeni sesi-2 sezifundo, oluhambisana nesigaba lapho kugonywa khona inikezwa inani elikhulu labantu.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezigaba zokuhlola umuthi wokugoma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-HIV ezinezici ezahlukahlukene ezikhonjwe, ikakhulu ezihlobene namaprotheni ayenzayo. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokwehlukahlukana, ukwenza umuthi wokugoma womhlaba wonke kunzima, njengoba umuthi wokugoma ongasebenzela uhlobo oluthile lwe-HIV kungenzeka lungasebenzi kolunye.