Ukuphazamiseka Kwenhliziyo Valve

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo
• I-Mitral valve prolapse
• Isifo se-Bicuspid aortic valve
• I-Valvular stenosis
• Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Valvular
• Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo
• Ziyini izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo?
• Ngabe kutholakala kanjani ukuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo?
• Zelashwa kanjani izifo ze-valve yenhliziyo?
• Uyini umbono wabantu abanenkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo?

Ukubuka konke

Izinkinga ze-valve zenhliziyo zingathinta noma yimaphi ama-valve asenhliziyweni yakho. Ama-valves enhliziyo yakho anezindunduma ezivuleka futhi zivale ngokushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye, okuvumela igazi ukuba ligeleze emakamelweni enhliziyo aphezulu nangaphansi nakuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo yi-atria, futhi amakamelo aphansi enhliziyo yi-ventricles.

Inhliziyo yakho inamavalvu amane:

• i-tricuspid valve, etholakala phakathi kwe-atrium engakwesokudla ne-ventricle efanele
• i-valve yamaphaphu, etholakala phakathi kwe-ventricle efanele kanye nomthambo wamaphaphu
• i-mitral valve, etholakala phakathi kwe-atrium yesobunxele ne-ventricle engakwesokunxele
• i-aortic valve, etholakala phakathi kwe-ventricle engakwesokunxele ne-aorta

Igazi ligeleza lisuka e-atria yangakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele ngokusebenzisa ama-tricuspid nama-mitral valves, avuleka ukuvumela igazi ukuba ligobhoze kuma-ventricles angakwesokudla nangakwesokunxele. Lawa ma-valve abe esevala ukuvimbela igazi ukuthi lingaphinde libuyele e-atria.

Lapho ama-ventricles esegcwalise igazi, aqala ukuhlangana, kuphoqa ukuthi kuvuleke amaphampu we-pulmonary ne-aortic. Igazi bese ligelezela emthanjeni we-pulmonary kanye ne-aorta. Umthambo wamaphaphu uhambisa igazi elingenawo umoya opholile kusuka enhliziyweni uye emaphashini. I-aorta, okuyiyona umthambo omkhulu womzimba, ihambisa igazi elinomoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Ama-valve enhliziyo asebenza ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza liye phambili futhi alibuyisi emuva noma lidale ukuvuza. Uma unenkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo, i-valve ayikwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi kahle. Lokhu kungadalwa ukuvuza kwegazi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa, ukuncipha kokuvuleka kwe-valve, okubizwa nge-stenosis, noma inhlanganisela yokubuyiswa kwesifo kanye ne-stenosis.

Abanye abantu abanesifo se-valve senhliziyo kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu, kanti abanye bangabhekana nezimo ezinjengokushaywa unhlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye namahlule egazi uma isifo se-valve senhliziyo singalashwa.

Izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo

I-Mitral valve prolapse

I-mitral valve prolapse ibizwa nangokuthi:

• i-floppy valve syndrome
• chofoza-ukububula syndrome
• ibhaluni mitral valve
• I-Barlow's syndrome

Kwenzeka lapho i-mitral valve ingavali kahle, kwesinye isikhathi ibangela igazi ukuba libuyele emuva liye e-atrium yesobunxele.

Iningi labantu abane-mitral valve prolapse abanazo izimpawu futhi abadingi ukwelashwa ngenxa yalokho. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka zifaka:

• ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukukhathala
• ukukhwehlela

Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni se-mitral valve.

Isifo se-Bicuspid aortic valve

Isifo se-bicuspid aortic valve senzeka lapho umuntu ezalwa ene-aortic valve enamaphiko amabili esikhundleni sezintathu ezijwayelekile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izimpawu zalolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka zikhona lapho kuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangahamba amashumi eminyaka bengazi ukuthi banalolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka. I-valve ivame ukukwazi ukusebenza iminyaka ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu, ngakho-ke abantu abaningi abanezifo ze-bicuspid aortic valve abatholakali kuze kube badala.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukuphefumula kanzima ngokuzikhandla
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• isiyezi
• ukuquleka

Iningi labantu liyakwazi ukulungiswa kwe-aortic valve yabo ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa.

Ngokusho komtholampilo waseCleveland, amaphesenti angama-80 abantu abanalesi sifo se-valve senhliziyo bazodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kushintshwe i-valve. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu uma sebeneminyaka engama-30 noma engama-40.

I-Valvular stenosis

I-Valvular stenosis yenzeka lapho i-valve ingakwazi ukuvula ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi alikho igazi elanele elingageleza nge-valve. Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma yimaphi ama-valves enhliziyo futhi kungabangelwa ukuqina kwe-valve yenhliziyo noma ukuqina.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukukhathala
• isiyezi
• ukuquleka

Abanye abantu abadingi ukwelashwa kwe-valvular stenosis. Abanye abantu bangadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kufakwe noma kulungiswe i-valve. Ngokuya ngobunzima be-stenosis yakho nobudala bakho, i-valvuloplasty, esebenzisa ibhaluni ukunwebeka i-valve, ingaba yindlela.

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Valvular

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Valvular kungabizwa nangokuthi "i-valve evuzayo." Kwenzeka lapho noma yimaphi amavalvu enhliziyo engavali kahle, okwenza igazi lihlehle emuva. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukukhwehlela
• ukukhathala
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• ubumhlophe
• ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo namaqakala

Imiphumela yokuvuselelwa kwe-valvular iyahluka ngokuya ngomuntu. Abanye abantu bamane badinga ukubhekwa isimo sabo. Abanye bangadinga ukuthi babe nemithi yokuvikela ukwakheka koketshezi, kanti abanye badinga ukulungiswa kwe-valve noma ukushintshwa.

Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo

Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu besifo. Imvamisa ukuba khona kwezimpawu kukhombisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kuthinta ukugeleza kwegazi. Abantu abaningi abanenkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo emnene noma elinganiselayo abanazo izimpawu. Noma kunjalo, izimpawu nezimpawu zingafaka:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• ukukhathala
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• isiyezi
• ukuquleka
• ikhanda
• ukukhwehlela
• ukugcinwa kwamanzi, okungadala ukuvuvukala emaphethelweni aphansi nasesiswini
• i-edema yamaphaphu, edalwa uketshezi oluningi emaphashini

Ziyini izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo?

Kunezimbangela eziningi zezinkinga ezahlukahlukene ze-valve yenhliziyo. Izimbangela zingafaka:

• ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa
• i-endocarditis enesifo, ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zenhliziyo
• i-rheumatic fever, isifo esivuthayo esilethwa ukutheleleka ngeqembu A I-Streptococcus amagciwane
• izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala, njengama-calcium deposits
• isifo senhliziyo
• isifo semithambo yegazi, ukuncipha nokuqina kwemithambo ehambisa inhliziyo
• i-cardiomyopathy, okubandakanya izinguquko eziwohlozayo emisipheni yenhliziyo
• ugcunsula, ukutheleleka okungajwayelekile okuthelelanwa ngocansi
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• i-aortic aneurysm, ukuvuvukala okungavamile noma ukuqhuma kwe-aorta
• isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi
• ukonakala kwe-myxomatous, ukuncipha kwezicubu ezixhuma ku-valve ye-mitral
• lupus, isifo esingalapheki sokuzivikela komzimba

Ngabe kutholakala kanjani ukuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo?

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zesifo se-valve senhliziyo, udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokulalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope. Bazolalela noma ikuphi ukungahleleki kokushaya kwenhliziyo okungakhombisa inkinga ngama-valve wenhliziyo yakho. Udokotela wakho angalalela namaphaphu akho ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini uketshezi futhi ahlole umzimba wakho ukuthola izimpawu zokugcina amanzi. Lezi yizimpawu zombili zezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo.

Olunye uvivinyo olungasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwe-valve yenhliziyo lubandakanya okulandelayo:

• I-electrocardiogram isivivinyo esibonisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile.
• I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukwakha isithombe sama-valve enhliziyo namakamelo.
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo ngesinye isivivinyo esisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwama-valve. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa ithubhu noma ipayipi elincane elinekhamera ukuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume uhlobo nobukhulu besifo sakho se-valve.
• I-X-ray yesifuba ingahle iyalelwe ukuthatha isithombe senhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kungatshela udokotela wakho uma inhliziyo yakho ikhulisiwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI kunganikeza isithombe esiningiliziwe senhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa futhi kuvumele udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi ungayiphatha kanjani kahle inkinga yakho ye-valve.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kungasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zithinteka kanjani ngokuzikhandla. Imininingwane evela ekuhlolweni kwengcindezi ingazisa udokotela wakho ukuthi sinzima kangakanani isimo sakho.

Zelashwa kanjani izifo ze-valve yenhliziyo?

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo kuncike ebucayi besifo nezimpawu. Odokotela abaningi basikisela ukuqala ngemithi elondolozayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukuthola ukwenganyelwa okungaguquguquki kwezokwelapha
• ukuyeka ukubhema uma ubhema
• ukulandela ukudla okunempilo

Imithi ejwayele ukubekwa yilena:

• ama-beta-blocker kanye nama-calcium channel blockers, asiza ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokugeleza kwegazi
• isisu ukunciphisa ukugcinwa koketshezi
• ama-vasodilator, okuyizidakamizwa ezivula noma ezixegise imithambo yegazi

Ungadinga ukuhlinzwa uma izimpawu zakho zanda ngamandla. Lokhu kungafaka ukulungiswa kwenhliziyo nge-valve usebenzisa okukodwa kokulandelayo:

• izicubu zakho
• i-valve yezilwane uma uthola i-valve ye-biological replacement
• i-valve enikelwe evela komunye umuntu
• i-valve, noma yokufakelwa

I-Valvuloplasty nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-stenosis. Ngesikhathi se-valvuloplasty, udokotela wakho ufaka ibhaluni elincane enhliziyweni yakho lapho lifuthwe khona kancane. Ukwehla kwamandla emali kukhulisa usayizi wokuvula ku-valve, bese ibhaluni liyasuswa.

Uyini umbono wabantu abanenkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo?

Umbono wakho uzoncika ekuthini une-valve yenhliziyo onayo nokuthi inzima kangakanani. Ezinye izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo zidinga kuphela ukuqapha okujwayelekile, kanti ezinye zidinga ukuhlinzwa.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimpawu onazo okhathazeke ngazo, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlela ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke nodokotela wakho. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kube lula kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho athole noma yiziphi izimo ezingaba yingozi ezigabeni zokuqala.