Valvulopathies

-Delile

• Isifo se-aortic valve
• Isifo seMitral valve
• Isifo se-valve samaphaphu
• I-valve yeTricuspid
• Isixhumanisi esiwusizo:

I-Valvulopathies yizifo ezithinta ama-valve enhliziyo, okwenza zingasebenzi kahle.

Amaphayiphu ama-4 enhliziyo yilawa: ama-tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary kanye ne-aortic valves, avuleka futhi avale noma kunini lapho inhliziyo ishaya, ivumela igazi ukuba ligijime. Lapho la ma-valve elimele, kungavela izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkinga:

• I-stenosis: lapho i-valve ingavuli kahle, ivimbela ukudlula kwegazi;
• Ukunganeli: lapho i-valve ingavali kahle, ibangela ukuqhuma kwegazi.

I-rheumatic fever ingadalaisifo se-valve samathambo,okungenzeka ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokuzalwa kuma-valve enhliziyo, izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala, i-endocarditis noma i-lupus.

Wena izimpawu ze-valvulopathies kukhona ukukhononda kwenhliziyo, ukukhathala, ukuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuvuvukala. Abantu abaningi banezifo ze-valve zenhliziyo, kepha abanazo izimpawu, futhi abanazinkinga zenhliziyo.Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, i-valvulopathy ingakhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sempilo, ibangele izinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo ezinjengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, amahlule egazi noma ukufa okungazelelwe okuboshwe yi-cardiorespiratory.

Inhloso yokwelashwa kwezifo ze-valve yenhliziyo ukunciphisa ukuvela kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo nokuvimbela izinkinga. Isazi senhliziyo ngungoti ochazwe ukuthi uhlonza futhi akhombise ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komuntu one-valvulopathy.

Isifo se-aortic valve

Isifo se-aortic valve yisilonda ku-aortic valve, etholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo, oluvumela igazi ukuthi lidlule phakathi kwe-ventricle engakwesokunxele nomthambo we-aortic. Izimpawu zalesi sifo ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukushaya ngamandla nokushaywa umoya ezinyathelweni zokuqala, kanti ezigabeni ezithuthuke kakhulu ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, i-angina pectoris kanye nesicanucanu kungavela.

Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukuphumula, ukudla ngaphandle kasawoti kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhambi we-diuretic, digitalis kanye ne-antiarrhythmic. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kungahle kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukufaka i-aortic valve esikhundleni sayo.

Isifo seMitral valve

Isifo seMitral valve yisona esivame kakhulu futhi sivela ngenxa yezilonda ku-mitral valve, etholakala phakathi kwe-ventricle ne-atrium engakwesokunxele senhliziyo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo kungaba umuzwa wokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuvuvukala kwezinyawo nemilenze.

Eminye imishanguzo efana ne-diuretics, anticoagulants, antibiotics kanye ne-antiarrhythmics ikhonjisiwe ekwelapheni lesi sifo ngoba ilawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokusebenza. Ukulungiswa kwe-valve eyonakele ngokusebenzisa i-catheterization yenhliziyo kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni se-valve nge-prosthesis, kungasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.

Isifo se-valve samaphaphu

Isifo se-valve yamaphaphu sivela ngenxa yezilonda ku-valve yamaphaphu etholakala ohlangothini lokunene lwenhliziyo futhi evumela ukuthi igazi lidlule lisuke enhliziyweni liye emaphashini. Lesi sifo asivamile futhi sivame ukubangelwa ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa enhliziyweni.

Izimpawu zesifo zivela kuphela ezigabeni ezithuthukile futhi kungaba ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ukukhathala kwemisipha, ukuphefumula okuncane kanye neziqephu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukwelashwa kuhlala kuqukethe ukuhlinzeka ukwelapha ukulimala noma ukufaka i-valve esikhundleni.

I-valve yeTricuspid

I-valvulopathy ye-Tricuspid ivela ku-valve ye-tricuspid etholakala phakathi kwe-ventricle ne-atrium yangakwesokudla evumela ukuthi igazi lidlule phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili enhliziyweni. Isifo se-valve i-Tricuspid sivame ukuvela ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne-rheumatic fever noma i-endocarditis kanye ne-pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo ukuzuza kwesisindo, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala futhi, ezimeni ezithuthuke kakhulu, ukuphefumula, ukushaya ngamandla kanye ne-angina pectoris. Ukwelashwa kwayo kuqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhishwa isisu, ama-antibiotics futhi, ezimweni ezinzima, ukuhlinzeka kungadingeka ukulungisa noma ukufaka enye i-valve.

Isixhumanisi esiwusizo:

• Umkhuhlane we-rheumatic fever