Kuyini i-Hematologist?

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngama-hematologists?
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT)
• Isikhathi esithile se-thromboplastin (PTT)
• Isilinganiso esijwayelekile somhlaba wonke (INR)
• Umnkantsha wethambo
• Yiziphi ezinye izinqubo ezenziwa ngama-hematologists?
• Uhlobo luni lokuqeqeshwa udokotela we-hematologist analo?
• Kusho ukuthini uma i-hematologist ibhodi eqinisekisiwe?
• Okubalulekile

I-hematologist ngudokotela ogxile ekucwaningeni, ekuhlolweni, ekwelapheni, nasekuvimbeleni ukuphazamiseka kwegazi nokuphazamiseka kohlelo lwe-lymphatic system (i-lymph node nemikhumbi).

Uma udokotela wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko encoma ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wegazi, kungenzeka ukuthi usengozini yesimo esifaka phakathi amaseli egazi abomvu noma amhlophe, ama-platelets, imithambo yegazi, umnkantsha, ama-lymph node, noma ubende. Ezinye zalezi zimo yilezi:

• i-hemophilia, isifo esivimbela igazi lakho ekunqandeni
• ispsis, ukutheleleka egazini
• i-leukemia, umdlavuza othinta amangqamuzana egazi
• i-lymphoma,umdlavuza othinta ama-lymph node nemikhumbi
• i-sickle cell anemia, isifo esivimbela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuba agobhoze ngokukhululeka ngohlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi
• thalassemia, isimo lapho umzimba wakho ungenzi i-hemoglobin eyanele
• i-anemia, isimo lapho kungekho khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele emzimbeni wakho
• i-vein thrombosis ejulile, isimo lapho amahlule egazi akha ngaphakathi kwemithambo yakho

Uma ufuna ukufunda kabanzi ngalezi zinkinga nezinye izimo zegazi, ungathola okuningi ngama-webinars enziwe yi (CDC).

I-American Society of Hematology nayo ingakuxhumanisa namaqembu okusekela, izinsizakusebenza, nemininingwane ejulile mayelana nokuphazamiseka okuthile kwegazi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngama-hematologists?

Ukuze kuhlolwe noma kuqashwe ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, odokotela be-hematologists bavame ukusebenzisa lezi zivivinyo:

Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)

I-CBC ibala amaseli akho abomvu namhlophe egazi, i-hemoglobin (iprotheni yegazi), ama-platelets (amangqamuzana amancane ahlangana ndawonye enze i-clot yegazi), ne-hematocrit (isilinganiso samaseli egazi ne-plasma egazini lakho).

Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT)

Lokhu kuhlolwa kukala ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igazi lakho livale. Isibindi sakho sikhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-prothrombin esiza ukwakha amahlule. Uma uthatha i-thinner yegazi noma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi ungaba nenkinga yesibindi, ukuhlolwa kwe-PT kungasiza ukuqapha noma ukuxilonga isimo sakho.

Isikhathi esithile se-thromboplastin (PTT)

Njengokuhlolwa kwe-prothrombin, i-PTT ilinganisa ukuthi igazi lakho lithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukujiya. Uma unenkinga yokopha noma yikuphi emzimbeni wakho - ukuphuma kwamakhala, ukuphuma kwezikhathi okunzima, umchamo opinki - noma uma ulimaza kalula, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa i-PTT ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kubangela inkinga yini.

Isilinganiso esijwayelekile somhlaba wonke (INR)

Uma uthatha igazi elincanyana njenge-warfarin, udokotela wakho angaqhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho nemiphumela evela kwamanye amalebhu ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isibindi sakho siphilile. Lokhu kubalwa kwaziwa njengesilinganiso esijwayelekile somhlaba wonke (INR).

Amanye amadivayisi asekhaya amasha avumela iziguli ukuthi zenze ukuhlolwa kwazo kwe-INR ekhaya, okukhonjisiwe ezigulini ezidinga ukuthi ijubane labo lokuvala igazi likalwe njalo.

Umnkantsha wethambo

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi awenzi amangqamuzana egazi anele, ungadinga i-marrow biopsy. Uchwepheshe uzosebenzisa inaliti encane ukuthatha kancane umnkantsha wethambo (into ethambile ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho) ukuze uhlaziywe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa i-anesthetic yendawo ukubamba indawo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa komnkantsha. Uzophaphama ngale nqubo ngoba iyashesha.

Yiziphi ezinye izinqubo ezenziwa ngama-hematologists?

Izazi ze-Hematologists zibandakanyeka ekwelashweni, ekwelapheni, nasezinkambisweni eziningi ezihlobene negazi nomnkantsha. Izazi ze-Hematologists zenza:

• ukwelashwa kwe-ablation (izinqubo lapho izicubu ezingavamile zingasuswa khona kusetshenziswa ukushisa, amakhaza, ama-lasers, noma amakhemikhali)
• ukumpontshelwa igazi
• ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo nokunikela ngamaseli ezinhlamvu
• ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kufaka phakathi i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo
• ukwelashwa kwesici sokukhula
• i-immunotherapy

Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kungathinta cishe noma iyiphi indawo yomzimba, odokotela be-hematologists bavamise ukusebenzisana nabanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi abaqeqeshiwe, abasebenza ngezifo, abasebenza ngama-radiologists, kanye nama-oncologists.

Izazi ze-Hematologists ziphatha abantu abadala kanye nezingane. Bangasebenza ezibhedlela, emitholampilo, noma ezindaweni zaselebhu.

Uhlobo luni lokuqeqeshwa udokotela we-hematologist analo?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuba yi-hematologist ukuqeda iminyaka emine yesikole sobudokotela, kulandelwe ukuhlala kweminyaka emibili ukuqeqesha endaweni ekhethekile njengokwelapha kwangaphakathi.

Ngemuva kokuhlala, odokotela abafuna ukuba ngama-hematologists baqedela ubudlelwane beminyaka emibili kuya kwemine, lapho bafunda khona i-subspecialty efana ne-hematology yezingane.

Kusho ukuthini uma i-hematologist ibhodi eqinisekisiwe?

Ukuthola isitifiketi sebhodi ku-hematology kusuka e-American Board of Internal Medicine, odokotela kufanele baqale babe ibhodi eqinisekisiwe kwezokwelapha kwangaphakathi. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele badlulise i-10-hour Hematology Certification Exam.

Okubalulekile

Ama-Hematologists odokotela abagxile egazini, izitho zokwenza igazi, nokuphazamiseka kwegazi.

Uma uthunyelwe kudokotela wezifo zegazi, cishe uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kubangela izimpawu obhekene nazo. Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu kubala amangqamuzana akho egazi, ukukala ama-enzyme namaprotheni egazini lakho, bese uhlola ukuthi igazi lakho liyajiya ngendlela elifanele yini.

Uma unikela noma uthola umnkantsha wamathambo noma ama-stem cells ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, i-hematologist mhlawumbe izoba yingxenye yeqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Uma une-chemotherapy noma i-immunotherapy ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza, ungasebenza futhi nodokotela wegazi.

Izazi ze-Hematologists zinokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwezokwelapha kwangaphakathi nasekufundeni kokuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ama-hematologists aqinisekiswe yiBhodi nawo aphumelele izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ubuchwepheshe bawo.