Kungani Ingozi Yezinkinga Zokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa Iphakeme Kubantu Be-LGBTQ

-Delile

• Izinga eliphakeme lokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
• Izingcindezi zokuziqhenya
• Ukuthola usizo nokwelashwa
• ‘Inqubo eqhubekayo’

Cishe eminyakeni eyisikhombisa eyedlule, "uRamone," 28, wathi wazithola esezimweni "ayengakaze azicabange ngaphambilini."

Wathuthela eNew York City esuka ngaphandle kombuso ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuningi komuntu siqu noma umsebenzi, futhi umbhede wasuka efulethini waya efulethini.

Ngesinye isikhathi akhokhe irenti, waqala ukusebenza njengomphelezeli.

Kwathi-ke ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-21, wafunda ukuthi utholakale ene-HIV. Ekugcineni, wazithola esehlala ohlelweni lokukhosela olungenamakhaya edolobheni.

URamone, ongathandanga ukudalulwa ngegama lakhe eligcwele, uthi okucashile okwenzeka kulesi sikhathi senguquko kanye nenselelo kwakuwukuncika ezintweni.

Yize ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kwezenhlalo nokuzilibazisa kungezona izithiyo ezinkulu empilweni yakhe yansuku zonke, uthi ukuba umlutha we-crystal meth kwaba yisithiyo esikhulu ekhonweni lakhe lokuphila lokho akubiza ngokuthi "yimpilo ekhiqizayo."

"ICrystal meth yethulwe kimi ngabantu abebengenandaba nami," kusho uRamone etshela iHealthline. “Ngisalokhu ngixhumana nabanye balaba bantu kuze kube namuhla, njalo kanye enyangeni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bayavela. Vele, ngicabanga ukuthi ‘awu nkosi yami, angifanele ukuxhumana nabo.’ Kodwa babekhona lapho ngangidinga indawo yokuhlala, lapho ngangingenamuntu, noma yikuphi ukudla, nendawo yokuhlala. Ngeshwa, bebekhona. ”

Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaRamone akuyona into engavamile ezigidini zabantu base-United States abaphila nokulutha nokulutha kwezidakamizwa.

Ucwaningo Lukazwelonke Lwe-2017 Lokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa Nezempilo lubika ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingama-18.7 abaneminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu babenenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa e-United States. Umbiko ofanayo uthole ukuthi cishe abantu abathathu kwabangu-8 balwa nokwethembela “ezidakamizweni ezingekho emthethweni,” cishe abathathu kwabane baphila nokusetshenziswa kotshwala, kuyilapho umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-9 ebhekana nemilutha yezidakamizwa notshwala.

Ngokwengeziwe, indaba kaRamone ingahle idale ukuqashelwa kwamakhanda okuvela engxenyeni ethile yabantu: abantu be-LGBTQ.

Njengelungu elizimele lomphakathi we-LGBTQ, okuhlangenwe nakho kukaRamone kukhombisa ubukhona obuphakeme kakhulu balezi zinkinga phakathi kwabantu baseMelika be-LGBTQ.

Kungani lezi zinkinga zivame kakhulu emphakathini omkhulu we-LGBTQ?

Izifundo eziningi nomsebenzi ovela kubeluleki nabameli emkhakheni bazamile ukuphendula lo mbuzo onzima iminyaka. Ukusuka ekubukeni "ibha yezitabane" njengendawo ephephile yemihlangano ye-LGBTQ kuya kwingcindezi yamasiko engashiya abantu kulo mphakathi ikakhulukazi bethikamezekile ngezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kuyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi, esinezici eziningi.

KuRamone, okwamanje ophila impilo esangulukile, nabanye abanjengaye abakhomba njenge-LGBTQ, kungumzabalazo ongaguquguquki ogxile ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezijulile.

Izinga eliphakeme lokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

NgoJanuwari, ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-LGBT Health lukhombe emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu wokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abasemphakathini we-LGBTQ.

Ithimba labacwaningi abaphuma e-University of Michigan babheke imininingwane ka-2012-2013 evela kuNational Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Kubantu abadala abangama-36,309 okukhulunywe nabo, cishe amaphesenti ayisithupha awela ngaphansi kwesigaba "sabantu abancane abaya ocansini," okusho ukuthi abakhombanga njengabobulili obuhlukile.

Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi abantu abakhombe njengabathandana nabobulili obufanayo noma abathandana nabobulili obufanayo babenamathuba angaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kunabantu abakhomba njengabesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo ukuthi banenkinga "yokuphuza kakhulu" noma yokusebenzisa ugwayi, kuyilapho abantu abakhomba ukuthi bangabesilisa nabesifazane babenamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuthola lokhu uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Labo abebengaqiniseki ukuthi bangazibona kanjani ubunikazi babo bobulili bebenamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuba nesifo sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kunabantu abathandana nobulili obuhlukile.

“Siyazi ukuthi abantu be-LGB (abesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, abesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo nabesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane) babenezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kodwa lesi yisifundo sokuqala sokubhala ubunzima bezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kotshwala, izinkinga zokusebenzisa ugwayi, nezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokuya ngemigomo yokuxilonga (DSM) -5) sisebenzisa isampula elimele i-US, ”kusho umlobi oholayo uCarol Boyd, PhD, RN, ongusolwazi e-University of Michigan School of Nursing, etshela abeHealthline.

UBoyd uchaze ukuthi izifundo ezedlule bezingafinyeleleki kangako. Isibonelo, labo abenza lolu hlobo locwaningo babevame ukuqasha amadoda angama-gay ezindaweni zokucima ukoma futhi bababuze mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwabo kwezidakamizwa notshwala.

Uthe ezinye izifundo ezindala zizobheka kuphela otshwaleni hhayi ezinye izidakamizwa noma izinto eziluthayo.

Kodwa-ke, okwenza lolu cwaningo lwehluke wukuthi beligxile otshwaleni, ugwayi nezidakamizwa.

Ucwaningo lukaBoyd lunezindawo zalo ezingaboni. Isibonelo, kunokunye okushiwoyo okukhanyayo okususelwa kusichasiso se-LGBTQ.

UBoyd uqaphele ukuthi ucwaningo lwakhe aluhlolisanga amalungu omphakathi wama-transgender, walubiza ngokuthi "yigebe elivelele" ocwaningweni okufanele "ligcwaliswe ngocwaningo oluzayo."

Wengeze wathi, "Esikhathini esizayo, izifundo zidinga ukubuza abaphendulile ngobulili abababelwe ngesikhathi bezalwa, nokuthi lokhu kuyahambisana yini nobulili babo," engeza.

Ngenkathi isifundo sikaBoyd singazange sihlolisise ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubantu be-transgender, abanye abambalwa bakwenzile lokho.

Ucwaningo oluthile lwakamuva luthole ukuthi idatha evela ku-2013-2015 California Health Kids Survey (CHKS) ikhombise ukuthi abafundi be-transgender babenamathuba acishe abe ngu-2 1/2 okusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjenge-methamphetamines ne-cocaine kunontanga yabo ye-cisgender.

UHeather Zayde, i-LCSW, isisebenzi sezenhlalakahle esizinze eBrooklyn nesisebenzi sokusebenza kwengqondo, utshele i-Healthline ukuthi kubantu abasha emphakathini we-LGBTQ, amathuba okuba nezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa angokoqobo.

"Kulaba bantu abasha, kunokwesaba ukungena emphakathini abangabona ukuthi uyabanqaba," kusho uZayde. “Kube nomsebenzi omningi ohamba ngendlela efanele, nokwamukelwa kwabantu bonke, kepha-ke kunemiyalezo evela kumongameli wamanje, ngokwesibonelo, lapho izingane zizwa khona izinto ezinyantisayo ezivela ebuholini - kunzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kulabo izingane ezingamkelekile. ”

Uveze ukuthi le ntsha ivame ukwesaba ukungamukelwa yilabo abasondelene kakhulu nabo, kusuka emindenini yabo kuya kontanga yabo. Kulezi zingane, akukho “ukuphunyuka kulokho kwesaba” kokwenqatshwa, futhi imvamisa izinto zingaba “lula” kuzo ukusiza ukulawula imizwa yazo.

Izingcindezi zokuziqhenya

UJuni 2019 uphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50 sezibhelu zaseStonewall Inn eNew York City, isikhathi esinqophileko emlandweni we-LGBTQ, ngokwengxenye, okhuthaze amashumi eminyaka okubonakala okukhulu kanye nobushoshovu emphakathini we-LGBTQ.

Vele uvimbele kude ne-Stonewall, uJoe Disano usebenza njengomeluleki wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa e-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Centre (eyaziwa njengeThe Center) endaweni yaseNew York City eWest Village.

UDisano uthe ngokomlando abantu abaningi be-LGBTQ ababezizwa "bekhishwa inyumbazane emphakathini" bathola izindawo zokuphepha ezindaweni zobusuku kanye nasemigoqweni.

Yinto umhlali waseNew York City "uMark," 42, obefisa ukungaziwa ngegama lakhe eligcwele, eyiqonda kahle yonke into.

Manje ephila iminyaka eyi-2/2 ephelele ekululameni ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa notshwala, uMark, ongungqingili, ukhumbula ukuthi kwakwenzeka kanjani lapho eqala ukuya emabhavini ezitabane njengomuntu osemncane.

Udabuka eCincinnati, e-Ohio, uMark uthe waqala ukuzenza isitabane ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Uthe isonto lakhe lalineqembu lezitabane lapho abantu abasha babengahlangana futhi bazizwe bephephile, kepha kwathi lapho ekhula, wakhwela waya “lapho zazikhona zonke ezinye izitabane - indawo yokucima ukoma.”

"Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 ezayo noma engangikwazi, engangikwazi nje ukuthi uma ungungqingili, uya ezindaweni zokucima ukoma nakumaqembu," etshela abeHealthline. “Eminyakeni edlule, uvalelekile nje. Awunakho ukukhetha. Kufana nokuthi ‘uyisitabane, nanti ibhodlela, nasi isikhwama.’ ”

Uthe manje njengoba eseluleme, ubenokubona ukuthi impilo yomphakathi edlule eyayigxile kuphela ezidakamizweni nophuzo oludakayo yiyo eyamsiza wazizwa ekindiki.

Kokuhlangenwe nakho kukaMark, ukuqhubeka nempilo njengendoda eyisitabane kwakusho ukuhudula umthwalo ongokomzwelo ongcwatshwe yisazela sakhe - ukukhathazeka nokuhlukumezeka ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa nokwaliwa.

Uthe ubona sengathi le yinto engadala ukuthi abantu abaningi be-LGBTQ njengaye baphendukele ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ukuze babalekele ubuhlungu babo okwesikhashana.

“Bonke abantu banezinga elithile lobuhlungu benhliziyo ababuthwalayo, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ukuba yisitabane noma ukumangala, kunezinto esihamba nazo. Njengokuthi, kunezinye izindlela, kodwa awuzifuni, uya ekilabhini, uya endaweni yokucima ukoma, ngakho-ke ngibona ukuthi uma ngabe yilokho okwenzayo, kuyalimaza impela, ”kusho yena.

KuMark konke lokhu kusetshenziswa kotshwala nezidakamizwa kwadlondlobala kwaba umuzwa wokucindezeleka okukhulu, futhi kwafika ezingeni lapho imicabango yokuzibulala yaba “ukucatshangelwa.”

Ukhumbule ukuthi, ngemuva kwempelasonto ethile yokuqothula iklabhu, uthathe isinqumo sokufuna usizo. Waya emhlanganweni owawuseThe Center eNew York, futhi wahlatshwa umxhwele iqiniso lokuthi wahlangana nabanye abantu abayizitabane ababengafuni “ukungidakisa noma ukufaka izidakamizwa [futhi babezama] ukuthola indlela yokuphuma kulokhu, futhi. ”

UMark uthe enye yezinselelo zakhe ezinkulu ekufuneni ukuphila impilo yokungazithibhi ukuthi uzohlangabezana nendlela amazinga ajwayelekile okusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa abe ngayo empilweni yakhe nokuthi umbono wakhe “usontekile.”

Kuyena, ingxenye yokuphila impilo esangulukile kwakusho ukufunda ukuthi okunye kokuziphatha akwamukela njengengxenye yobusuku "obujwayelekile" kwakungeyona into ejwayelekile.

“Isibonelo, umuntu osebenzisa ngokweqile endaweni yokudansa, bengizocabanga ukuthi kuyinto ejwayelekile, sengathi bekufanele ngiphinde ngifunde ukuthi bekungejwayelekile ukuthi abantu badakwe ngokweqile futhi bawe ngobuso, futhi baquleke. Kungithathile ukuthi ngilulame ngifunde ukuthi ‘oh, akujwayelekile,’ ”kusho uMark.

Manje, uMark uthe uyabonga ngombono wakhe omusha kanye nekhono lokuzibandakanya nabantu abasezingeni eliphakeme ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala.

"Ingaphakathi awudingi ukuyodakwa njalo ebusuku," esho ngezeluleko angazinika yena osemncane. “Kudinga umsebenzi ukugxila‘ kuwena. ’”

Ukuthola usizo nokwelashwa

UCraig Sloane, i-LCSW, i-CASAC, i-CSAT, ingudokotela wezifo zengqondo kanye nosonhlalakahle osebenza emtholampilo owaziyo ukuthi kunjani ukusiza bobabili ngokululama kwabo futhi bafune usizo yena. Njengendoda eyisitabane eyaziwa ngokululama, uSloane uthe kudingekile ukuthi ungapendi okwenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu kubhulashi elibanzi.

“Wonke umuntu wehlukile. Awungeke wenze sengathi uyazi ukuthi sinjani isimo sawo wonke umuntu, kepha ngendlela ejwayelekile, ngicabanga ukuthi nje ukuba nozwelo lokwazi ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukucela usizo, nokuthi ngibe nalo ulwazi ngokwazi ukuthi ukululama kungenzeka, kungivumela ukuthi ngidlulise uhlobo oluthile lwethemba, ”kusho uSloane.

Ngokomsebenzi, uthe akahlanganyeli nomlando wakhe nabantu abasebenza nabo, kodwa wengeza nokuthi amava akhe angasiza ekwaziseni ukuqonda kwakhe ababhekene nakho.

USloane ugcizelele uMark noDisano ukuthi ukukhula nokufika ebudaleni obunobunikazi be-LGBTQ kungashiya abanye abantu bezinga elithile lokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka.

"Ukuhlukumezeka okuhambisana nesigcwagcwa senhlalo sokuba yi-LGBTQ, sokuhlala esikweni, ingxenye enkulu yabantu abanobungqingili abathandana nabobulili obufanayo nabesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, kuyabethusa lokho," kuchaza uSloane. "Kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho kokuxhashazwa nokwaliwa ngabangane nomndeni, lezo zingcindezi ngeshwa ziseyiqiniso ngonyaka wezi-2019. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe, izindawo eziphephile zokuba abantu abasafufusa bangamabha, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa nomphakathi ngokuqinisekile kungenye yezindawo. izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwabantu be-LGBTQ. ”

Wengeze ukuthi kumalungu omphakathi we-transgender, ikakhulukazi, ukwenqatshwa nokuhlukaniswa kontanga nomndeni kungaba phezulu. Konke lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuneqhaza "ekucindezelekeni okuncane," okuchazwe uSloane njengamazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka azwakala ngamaqembu ancishwa amathuba, okushiya abantu abaningi be-LGBTQ besengozini yokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

UDkt.Alex S. Keuroghlian, MPH, umqondisi wezinhlelo zezemfundo nokuqeqesha eThe Fenway Institute kanye nomsizi kaprofesa wezifo zengqondo eHarvard Medical School, uthe abantu be-LGBTQ abafuna ukwelashwa bangaba nobunzima ekutholeni indawo yokubandakanya ezempilo.

"Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kufanele kuqondiswe kubantu be-LGBTQ," esho. “Kufanele sifake izimiso zokwelashwa kwengcosana ezinqubeni zobufakazi. Abahlinzeki kufanele bahlele futhi babhekane nokwelashwa ezintweni ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa i-opioid phakathi kwabantu be-LGBTQ, ngokwesibonelo. ”

Ngaphezu kwalokho, waveza ukuthi abahlinzeki bezokwelapha kudingeka baqonde kahle ukuthi abashayeli bezidakamizwa baboshelwe kanjani ekucindezelekeni okuncane.

UKeuroghlian wengeze ukuthi izinto sezithuthukile nangezinye izindlela, noma kunjalo kusadingeka kwenziwe okuningi ukwenza uhlelo lokubandakanya ezempilo olubandakanya wonke umuntu. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuwa, uthe uceliwe ukuthi akhulume eTennessee mayelana nokuxazulula inkinga ye-opioid emphakathini we-LGBTQ.

"I-Tennessee iyisimo lapho abantu bengalindeli ukubona intshisekelo yokwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa kule ndawo, kodwa lolu hlobo lwento lwenzeka ezweni lonke, kunomsebenzi omkhulu owenziwayo okungezwa muntu ngawo," echaza.

UFrancisco J. Lazala, MPA, umxhumanisi wohlelo, izinsizakalo zokuphathwa kwamacala eHarlem United, isikhungo sezempilo somphakathi eNew York City, uthe kunabantu abasha abaningi be-LGBTQ laphaya abadinga izindlu nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kunenani lezinhlelo nezinsizakalo ezixhaswe kahle lokho kungasiza ekuphenduleni izidingo zabo.

U-Lazala uthe iHarlem United isiza kakhulu abantu abasha abanebala elimhlophe kanye namalungu amaqembu ahlukunyeziwe afika kuye efuna ukuxhaswa nokuphepha.

Iningi lentsha asebenza nayo inolwazi lokungabi namakhaya nokulutha.

Uthe ezinye izindaba ziyakhuthaza kunezinye.

Ngesonto elifanayo nengxoxo yakhe neHealthline, uLazala uthe kwafika intokazi abesebenza nayo izombona. Wayekade ephila ngokulutha kotshwala esikhathini esedlule. Uveze ukuthi ngemuva nje kokuyeka utshwala, wathola ukuthi une-HIV.

"Inhliziyo yami ivele yaphuka," esho. "Kuyadabukisa ukubona le ntsha [ishaya ngalezi zinhlobo zemigwaqo futhi] zimbalwa izinsizakalo zentsha ene-HIV."

‘Inqubo eqhubekayo’

Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ngemuva kwe-Stonewall, uLazala uqaphele ukuthi kuyaxaka ukuthi izindawo ebezikade ziyiziphephelo nezindawo eziphephile - njengendawo yaseWest Village eduzane naseStonewall naseNew York's The Center - seziye "zathokozelwa," futhi azibamukeli kakhulu abantu abasha beLGBTQ abanemibala ukufuna izikhala ezingabagcina beqhelelene nezidakamizwa notshwala.

URamone ujwayelene kakhulu nomsebenzi kaLazala. Wafika eHarlem United ngenkathi ebhekene nokungabi namakhaya futhi wahlonipha izinsizakalo nokwesekwa akutholile lapho ngokumbuyisela ezinyaweni zakhe.

“Bengizihlalela neqembu elingalungile, izinto zibe zimbi impela maqondana nokuzithola ngisebenzisa izidakamizwa, ngizihlalela nabantu abathengisa izidakamizwa. Ngokungazelelwe, ngase ngenza izinto engingafuni ukuzenza. Bengingazizwa ngithandwa, bengingakhululekile, ”kusho yena.

Ngokuphila ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, uRamone uthe kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazi ukuthi akuyona nje "ukuma futhi kwenziwe ngayo isimo."

"Kuyinqubo eqhubekayo," esho. "Ngenhlanhla, ngizimisele kakhulu."

UMark uthe ujabule kakhulu njengoba esekwazi "ukufinyelela" ngokwengeziwe manje njengoba eseluleme.

"Umphakathi olulamayo ungumphakathi okhulayo ngokwandayo, abantu abaningi ababanga izindlovukazi bavukela kuwo," kusho uMark. “Ngicabanga ukuthi ukuba yisitabane kubaluleke kakhulu. Kunzima lapho ungakwazi ukungena kulokho okukhethekile uma udakiwe. Futhi ngokulinganisela uthola ukukuthinta kukho konke lokho, uqala ukusebenza umphefumulo wakho futhi usebenze kokuningi esikuphethe. Yindawo ethokozisayo ngempela. ”