Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngephuzi No. 5

-Delile

• Ingabe ophuzi 5 uphephile?
• Yini eyenziwe ngophuzi 5?
• Okushiwo ucwaningo
• Ukungasebenzi kahle ezinganeni
• Umdlavuza
• Eminye imiphumela yezempilo
• Ukudla okuqukethe okuphuzi 5
• Ukwehlisa inani lephuzi 5 olisebenzisayo
• Okubalulekile

Ngabe ubufunda amalebula okudla ngokucophelela kulezi zinsuku? Uma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele "okuphuzi okungu-5" kuvela ezinhlwini eziningi zezithako ozihlola esitolo.

I-Yellow 5 umbala wokudla wokufakelwa (i-AFC) owawunjalo. Inhloso yawo ukwenza ukudla - ikakhulukazi ukudla okusetshenzwe kakhulu njengamaswidi, isoda, kanye nezinhlamvu zasekuseni - kubonakale kukusha kakhulu, kunambitheka futhi kuyathandeka.

Phakathi kuka-1969 no-1994, i-FDA nayo yavuma okuphuzi 5 ngokusetshenziswa okulandelayo:

• izidakamizwa ezithathwa ngomlomo
• imithi yokwelapha
• izimonyo
• ukwelashwa kwendawo yeso

Amanye amagama ophuzi 5 afaka:

• I-FD & C yellow no. 5
• tartrazine
• E102

Kanye namanye ama-AFC ambalwa, ukuphepha okuphuzi 5 kuye kwabuzwa ngemibuzo emashumini ambalwa edlule. bathole ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwamajusi wezithelo aqukethe ukuxubana kwama-AFC kanye nezimpawu ezingafuneki ezinganeni. Ucwaningo luphakamisa nokuthi inani elilinganisiwe neliphezulu le-AFC ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lingaba nemiphumela emibi.

Ake sihlolisise imiphumela engaba khona ephuzi 5 ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuthi kuyinto ofuna ukuyigwema yini.

Ingabe ophuzi 5 uphephile?

Izindikimba ezilawulayo emazweni ehlukene zinemibono eyehlukene ngokuphepha kokuphuzi 5. Ngokulandela ukukhishwa kwesisekelo esixhumanisa ama-AFC nokungasebenzi kahle ezinganeni zasenkulisa nasezikoleni, i-Food Standards Agency ye-European Union (i-EU) ithathe ama-AFC ayisithupha engaphephile ezinganeni . E-EU, ilebula lokuxwayisa liyadingeka kukho konke ukudla okuqukethe:

• okuphuzi 5
• okuphuzi 6
• i-quinoline ephuzi
• umagazine
• okubomvu 40 (allura red)
• ponceau 4R

Ilebuli yesexwayiso ye-EU ifundeka kanjena, "Kungaba nomthelela omubi emsebenzini nasekunakekelweni ezinganeni."

Ngaphezu kokuthatha isinyathelo ngamalebula exwayisayo, uhulumeni waseBrithani ukhuthaza ngenkuthalo abenzi bokudla ukuthi bashiye ama-AFC emikhiqizweni yabo. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo zaseBrithani zeSkittles neNutri-Grain bar, yomibili imikhiqizo edumile e-United States, manje isidayiwe ngemibala yemvelo, njenge-paprika, i-beetroot powder, ne-annatto.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ayikhethanga ukusebenzisa indlela efanayo. Ngo-2011, ikomidi eleluleka i-FDA livotele ukusebenzisa amalebula anjengalawa e-United States, lisho ukungabi bikho kobufakazi. Kodwa-ke, ikomidi lancoma ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ngama-AFC kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile.

Ngenxa yokungena kokudla okusetshenzwe kakhulu, abantu base-United States bafaka ama-AFC ngesilinganiso abenza eminyakeni engama-50 edlule, lapho kwethulwa okokuqala la madayi.

Okuphuzi 5 kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele e-Austria naseNorway.

Yini eyenziwe ngophuzi 5?

Okuphuzi 5 kubhekwa njengenhlanganisela ye-azo nefomula C₁₆H₉N₄Na₃O₉S₂. Lokho kusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwekhabhoni, i-hydrogen, ne-nitrogen - evame ukutholakala kudayi wokudla wemvelo - kufaka phakathi i-sodium, i-oxygen nesibabule. Zonke lezi yizinto ezenzeka ngokwemvelo, kepha odayi bemvelo abazinzile njengo-5 ophuzi, owenziwe ngemikhiqizo ye-petroleum.

I-Yellow 5 ivame ukuvivinywa ezilwaneni, ngakho-ke kungokwenkulumompikiswano ukuthi ngabe iyayidla imifino- noma i-vegan-friendly.

Okushiwo ucwaningo

Kunezindawo eziningi zezempilo ezibandakanya ucwaningo kudayi wokudla ngokujwayelekile noma ophuzi 5 ikakhulukazi.

Ukungasebenzi kahle ezinganeni

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ama-milligram ama-50 (mg) ama-AFC ngosuku anele ukudala ushintsho ekuziphatheni ezinganeni. Lokhu kungabonakala njengenani elibalulekile lokufaka umbala kokudla okungaba nzima ukukusebenzisa ngosuku. Kepha ngakho konke okuvela emehlweni, ukudla okulungisiwe okuphekwe ngokuphelele okutholakalayo emakethe yanamuhla, akunzima kangako. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwango-2014 lwathola ukuthi umuntu osebenzela iKool-Aid Burst Cherry wayene-52.3 mg yama-AFC.

Phakathi kuka-2004 no-2007, izifundo ezintathu eziyingqophamlando zembula ubudlelwano phakathi kwamajusi wezithelo afakwe ama-AFC nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile ezinganeni. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi yiSouthampton Study.

Ezifundweni zaseSouthampton, amaqembu ezingane zasenkulisa nezingane ezineminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-9 anikezwa amajusi wezithelo anenhlanganisela namanani ahlukahlukene e-AFC. kolunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi labo bafundanga enikwa iMix A, equkethe okuphuzi okungu-5, bakhombise amaphuzu aphakeme kakhulu "we-global hyperactivity" uma kuqhathaniswa nabasenkulisa abanikezwa i-placebo.

Abasenkulisa bekungebona bodwa abathintekile - abancane abaneminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-9 abafake ama-AFC bakhombisa izimpawu eziningi zokuziphatha kwe-hyper, futhi. Eqinisweni, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi zonke izingane eziseqenjini lokuhlola zikhombise ukwanda okuncane ekuziphatheni okungajwayelekile. Izingqinamba zokuziphatha bezingahlukile ezinganeni esevele zihlangabezane nenqubo yokunakwa / ukunakekelwa kwengqondo (ADHD).

Kodwa izingane ezine-ADHD zingase zizwele ngokweqile. Ekubuyekezweni kwangaphambilini yiHarvard University kanye neColumbia University, abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi "ukususa imibala yokudla okwenziwe ekudleni kwezingane ezine-ADHD kungasebenza cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuya kwengxenye njengokwelashwa nge-methylphenidate (Ritalin)." Yize lokhu kubuyekezwa kuka-2004 kubhalwe isikhathi, kuyayisekela imiphumela etholwe yiSouthampton Studies.

Okwamanje, ososayensi ne-FDA bayavuma ukuthi ukudla kukodwa akulona icala lezimpawu ze-ADHD ezinganeni. Esikhundleni salokho, kunobufakazi obuqinile bokuxhasa ingxenye yezinto eziphilayo zalesi sifo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka.

Umdlavuza

Ucwaningo lwango-2015 lubheke ukuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi omuntu athinteke kanjani aphuzi 5. Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi yize lo mbala wokudla wawungeyona into enobuthi ngokushesha kumaseli amhlophe egazi, kodwa walimaza i-DNA, okwenza ukuthi iseli liguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngemuva kwamahora amathathu wokuchayeka, u-5 ophuzi wabangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi lomuntu kuko konke ukuhlungwa okuhloliwe. Abaphenyi baqaphele ukuthi amaseli adalulwe ekugxiliseni okuphezulu kakhulu kwephuzi 5 awakwazanga ukuzilungisa. Lokhu kungenza ukukhula kwesimila nezifo ezinjengomdlavuza.

Abaphenyi baphetha ngokuthi njengoba amangqamuzana omgudu wamathumbu avezwa ngqo kuphuzi 5, lawa maseli kungenzeka abe namdlavuza. Iningi lama-AFC owadlayo ahlanganiswe nekholoni yakho, ngakho-ke umdlavuza wekoloni ungaba yingozi enkulu kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi lolu cwaningo lwenziwa ngamaseli angawodwa hhayi emzimbeni womuntu.

Eminye imiphumela yezempilo

Kukalwe ubuthi obuphuzi obungu-5 ezimpukaneni. Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi lapho i-yellow 5 ilethwa ezimpukaneni endaweni yesine ephezulu kakhulu, yaba yingozi. Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 ezimpukane eqenjini awazange asinde, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kunezinye izinto ebezidlala ngaphezu kwalokhu okufundwa kwezilwane.

Engxenyeni yesibili yalolu cwaningo, amangqamuzana e-leukemia womuntu avezwe imibala eyahlukene yokudla. Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi yize ama-5 aphuzi namanye ama-AFC angakhuphula ukukhula kwamangqamuzana wesimila, awabangeli monakalo noma izinguquko kwi-DNA yomuntu ezingxenyeni zawo ezivunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, kuphethwe ukuthi "akufuneki ukuthi kudliwe ukudla okungapheli okungapheli kuyo yonke impilo yakho."

Ukudla okuqukethe okuphuzi 5

Nakhu ukudla okuvamile okumbalwa okuqukethe okuphuzi 5:

• amakhekhe acutshunguliwe, njengeTwinkies
• ama-sodas anemibala engu-neon, afana ne-Mountain Dew
• iziphuzo zezithelo zezingane, njenge-Sunny D, i-Kool-Aid Jammers, nezinhlobo eziningi ze-Gatorade ne-Powerade
• uswidi onemibala egqamile (cabanga ngommbila kamaskandi, i-M & Ms, ne-Starburst)
• okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni okunoshukela njengeCap'N Crunch
• Izingxube ze-pasta ezenziwe ngaphambilini
• ukuphatha okweqhwa, njengePopsicles

Lokhu kungabonakala njengemithombo ephuzi ephuzi 5. Kodwa eminye imithombo yokudla ingakhohlisa. Isibonelo, ungalindela ukuthi imbiza yamakhukhamba onayo efrijini iqukethe okuphuzi 5? Yebo, kwezinye izimo, kuyenzeka. Eminye imithombo emangazayo ifaka phakathi imithi, ukugeza umlomo, kanye nezinto zokuxubha.

Ukwehlisa inani lephuzi 5 olisebenzisayo

Uma ufuna ukwehlisa ukudla kwakho okuphuzi 5, zama ukuskena amalebula okudla kaningi. Hlukana nohlu lwezithako eziqukethe okuphuzi okungu-5 nalawa amanye ama-AFC:

• okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 1 (i-FCF eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhanyayo)
• okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 2 (indigotine)
• okuluhlaza okotshani 3 (i-FCF eluhlaza okotshani okusheshayo)
• okuphuzi 6 (ukushona kwelanga okuphuzi i-FCF)
• okubomvu 40 (allura red)

Kungakunika isiqiniseko sokwazi ukuthi imikhiqizo eminingi embonini yezokudla yenza ushintsho kumbala wemvelo. Izinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu njengeKraft Foods neMars Inc. zithatha ama-AFC esikhundleni sezinye izindlela ezifana nalezi:

• ukuqhuma
• i-paprika (enye indlela yemvelo ephuzi 5)
• nontobeko
• kukhishwe i-beetroot
• i-lycopene (etholwe kutamatisi)
• isafroni
• uwoyela wesanqante

Ngokuzayo lapho ufika esitolo, bhekisisa amalebula okunomsoco. Ungathola ukuthi eminye yemikhiqizo yakho ovele uyenzile ishintshele kwimibala yemvelo.

Khumbula ukuthi imibala yemvelo akuyona inhlamvu yesiliva. UCarmine, ngokwesibonelo, ususelwa kubhungane abachotshoziwe, okungebona bonke abantu abafisa ukulidla. I-Annatto yaziwa ngokubangela ukungezwani komzimba kwabanye abantu.

Nawa ama-swaps alula ongawenza ukunciphisa ophuzi ku-5 ekudleni kwakho:

• Khetha i-Squirt phezu kwe-Mountain Dew. Ama-sodas e-citrusy anambitheka afanayo, kepha iSkirt ejwayelekile ayinama-AFC. Yingakho kusobala.
• Dlulisa kumamiksi we-pasta asele usetshenzisiwe. Esikhundleni salokho, thenga ama-noodle okusanhlamvu okuphelele futhi uzenzele izitsha ze-pasta. Ungakwazi ukushaya ukuxuba okumnandi, okunempilo ekhaya.
• Phuza i-lemonade eyenziwe ekhaya phezu kwamajusi asezitolo aphuzi. Impela, kungenzeka ukuthi usenoshukela, kepha ungaqiniseka ukuthi awuna-AFC.

Okubalulekile

I-FDA nabaphenyi abaphezulu babuyekeze ubufakazi futhi baphetha ngokuthi i-5 ephuzi ayinalo usongo olusheshayo empilweni yabantu.Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi le dayi ingalimaza amaseli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho amaseli echayeka kumanani amakhulu kunokudla okunconyiwe.

Uma ukhathazekile ngalokho okushiwo ucwaningo ngophuzi 5, enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ongayenza ukunciphisa ukunciphisa ukudla okunoshukela, okwenziwe. Hlela ukuthola okuningi kwalokhu kudla okuphelele esikhundleni salokho:

• amafutha aphilile njengekotapeya
• okusanhlamvu okungacacisiwe
• izithelo nemifino
• ama-omega-3 fatty acids (atholakala ezinhlanzini ezifana ne-salmon)
• ifilakisi
• amaprotheni anciphile njengenkukhu ne-turkey

Ukudla ukudla okunothile kulokhu kudla kuzokugcina ugcwele isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusho ukuthi mancane amathuba okuthi ulingwe ngokudla okumibalabala, okuhlanganisiwe. Futhi, ngokudla okuphelele, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuthi ngabe ufaka umbala wokudla ongabazekayo, ongakulethela ukuthula kwengqondo.