Izinkinga zokuphefumula - usizo lokuqala

Iningi labantu likuthatha kalula ukuphefumula. Abantu abanezifo ezithile bangaba nezinkinga zokuphefumula ababhekana nazo njalo.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngosizo lokuqala kumuntu onenkinga yokuphefumula engalindelekile.

Ubunzima bokuphefumula bungaqala kusuka ku:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukungakwazi ukuphefumula kanzima nokuhefuzela umoya
• Uzwa sengathi awutholi umoya owanele

Ubunzima bokuphefumula cishe njalo buphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Okuhlukile ukuzizwa ushaywa umoya kancane kusuka emsebenzini ojwayelekile, njengokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Ziningi izimbangela zezinkinga zokuphefumula. Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka izimo ezithile zempilo kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.

Ezinye izimo zezempilo ezingadala izinkinga zokuphefumula yilezi:

• I-anemia (inani eliphansi elibomvu lamaseli egazi)
• Isifuba Somoya
• Isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD), kwesinye isikhathi esibizwa nge-emphysema noma i-bronchitis engamahlalakhona
• Isifo senhliziyo noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu, noma umdlavuza osusabalele emaphashini
• Izifo zokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi i-pneumonia, i-bronchitis enamandla, ukukhwehlela, i-croup, nabanye

Ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezingadala izinkinga zokuphefumula yilezi:

• Ukuba sezingeni eliphezulu
• Ukuqina kwegazi emaphashini
• Iphaphu eliwile (pneumothorax)
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukulimala entanyeni, odongeni lwesifuba, noma emaphashini
• I-Pericardial effusion (uketshezi oluzungeze inhliziyo olungayimisa ekugcwaliseni kahle ngegazi)
• I-Pleural effusion (uketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu olungabacindezela)
• Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba okusongela impilo
• Eduzane nokuminza, okubangela ukwanda koketshezi emaphashini

Abantu abanenkinga yokuphefumula bavame ukubukeka bengakhululekile. Kungenzeka kube:

• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Ayikwazi ukuphefumula ilele phansi futhi idinga ukuhlala phezulu ukuze iphefumule
• Ukhathazeke kakhulu futhi uyathuthumela
• Ngilele noma ngididekile

Bangaba nezinye izimpawu, kufaka phakathi:

• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
• Ubuhlungu
• Imfiva
• Khwehlela
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuhlanza
• Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iminwe, nezinzipho
• Isifuba sihamba ngendlela engajwayelekile
• Ukugquma, ukushayana, noma ukwenza imisindo yokushaya amakhwela
• Izwi elihlanganisiwe noma ubunzima bokukhuluma
• Akhwehlele igazi
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
• Ukujuluka

Uma ukungezwani komzimba kubangela inkinga yokuphefumula, kungahle kube nokuqubuka noma ukuvuvukala kobuso, ulimi, noma umphimbo.

Uma ukulimala kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula, kungenzeka ukuthi bopha noma banesilonda esibonakalayo.

Uma othile enenkinga yokuphefumula, shayela ku-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni khona lapho, bese:

• Bheka indlela yomoya yomuntu, ukuphefumula, nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma kunesidingo, qala i-CPR.
• Khulula noma yiziphi izingubo eziqinile.
• Siza umuntu ukuthi asebenzise noma imuphi umuthi obekiwe (njenge-inthrma ye-asthma noma i-oxygen yasekhaya).
• Qhubeka nokuqapha ukuphefumula komuntu nokushaya ngamandla kuze kufike usizo lwezokwelapha. UNGACABANGI ukuthi isimo somuntu siyathuthuka uma ungasakwazi ukuzwa imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile, njengokuphefumula.
• Uma kunamanxeba avulekile entanyeni noma esifubeni, kufanele avalwe ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma kuvela amagwebu omoya enxebeni. Bopha amanxeba anjalo ngasikhathi sinye.
• Inxeba lesifuba "elincelayo" livumela umoya ukuthi ungene emgodini wesifuba somuntu ngokuphefumula ngakunye. Lokhu kungadala iphaphu eliwohlokile. Bopha isilonda ngokugoqa ipulasitiki, isikhwama sepulasitiki, noma amapayipi e-gauze embozwe nge-petroleum jelly, usivale ezinhlangothini ezintathu, ushiye uhlangothi olulodwa lungavaliwe. Lokhu kwakha ivalvevu yokuvikela umoya ukuthi ungangeni esifubeni ngenxeba, ngenkathi uvumela umoya obhajwe ukuba uphume esifubeni ngohlangothi olungavaliwe.

UNGENZI:

• Nikeza umuntu ukudla noma isiphuzo.
• Hambisa umuntu uma kube khona ukulimala ekhanda, entanyeni, esifubeni noma komoya, ngaphandle kwalapho kudingeka ngempela. Vikela futhi uzinzise intamo uma lowo muntu kufanele asuswe.
• Beka umcamelo ngaphansi kwekhanda lomuntu. Lokhu kungavala indlela yomoya.
• Linda ukubona ukuthi isimo somuntu siyathuthuka yini ngaphambi kokuthola usizo lwezokwelapha. Thola usizo ngokushesha.

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni uma wena noma omunye umuntu enanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokuphefumula kanzima, kufayela le- Izimpawu isigaba ngenhla.

Phinda ushayele udokotela noma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma:

• Unesifo esibandayo noma esinye isifo sokuphefumula futhi unenkinga yokuphefumula
• Yiba nokukhwehlela okungapheli emva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu
• Bakhwehlela igazi
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kokusho noma ukujuluka ebusuku
• Awukwazi ukulala noma ukuvuka ebusuku ngenxa yokuphefumula kanzima
• Qaphela ukuthi kunzima ukuphefumula lapho wenza izinto ojwayele ukuzenza ngaphandle kokuphefumula kanzima, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi

Phinda ushayele umhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho ikhwehlela futhi yenza umsindo wokukhonkotha noma uphefumula.

Ezinye izinto ongazenza ukusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga zokuphefumula:

• Uma unomlando wokungazwani okweqile, phatha ipeni le-epinephrine bese ufaka ithegi yokwazisa. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokufundisa ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani ipeni le-epinephrine.
• Uma une-asthma noma i-allergies, susa izinto ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba zasekhaya njengezibungu zothuli nesikhunta.
• Ungabhemi, futhi uziqhelelanise nentuthu kagwayi. UNGAKUVUMELI ukubhema ekhaya lakho.
• Uma une-asthma, bona i-athikili ekhuluma ngesifuba somoya ukuze ufunde izindlela zokuyilawula.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola umuthi wokugomela (pertussis).
• Qiniseka ukuthi i-tetanus booster yakho isesikhathini.
• Lapho uhamba ngendiza, sukuma uzulazule njalo emahoreni ambalwa ukuze ugweme ukwakha amahlule egazi emilenzeni yakho. Uma sekwakhiwe, amahlule anganqamuka futhi afike emaphashini akho. Lapho uhlezi, yenza imibuthano yamaqakala uphakamise futhi wehlise izithende zakho, izinzwane, namadolo ukuze wandise ukugeleza kwegazi emilenzeni yakho. Uma uhamba ngemoto, yima uphume uhambe njalo.
• Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, yehlisa isisindo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzizwe ushaywa umoya uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile. Usengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Gqoka umaki wokuxwayisa ngezokwelapha uma unesimo sokuphefumula esivele sikhona, esifana nesifuba somoya.

Ubunzima bokuphefumula - usizo lokuqala; IDyspnea - usizo lokuqala; Ukuphefumula - usizo lokuqala

• Iphaphu eliwile, i-pneumothorax
• I-Epiglottis
• Ukuphefumula

Izimo eziphuthumayo zokuphefumula kwezingane zikaRose E. Pediatric: ukuvimba okuphezulu komoya kanye nezifo. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 167.

USchwartzstein RM, u-Adams L. Dyspnea. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 29.

UThomas SH, uGoodloe JM. Imizimba yangaphandle. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 53.