Ukugula kwemisebe

Ukugula kwemisebe ukugula nezimpawu ezibangelwa ukuvezwa ngokweqile emisebeni ye-ionizing.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemisebe: i-nonionizing ne-ionizing.

• Imisebe ye-nonionizing iza ngesimo sokukhanya, amaza omsakazo, ama-microwave ne-radar. Lawa mafomu ngokuvamile awabangeli ukulimala kwezicubu.
• Imisebe ye-Ionizing ibangela imiphumela ngokushesha kuzicubu zomuntu. Ama-X-ray, imisebe ye-gamma, ne-particle bombardment (i-neutron beam, i-electron beam, ama-proton, ama-meson, nokunye) kukhipha imisebe ye-ionizing. Lolu hlobo lwemisebe lusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nokwelashwa. Ibuye isetshenziselwe izinhloso zezimboni nezokukhiqiza, izikhali kanye nokwakhiwa kwezikhali, nokuningi.

Ukugula kwemisebe kubangelwa lapho abantu (noma ezinye izilwane) bevezwa kumithamo emikhulu kakhulu yemisebe ye-ionizing.

Ukuvezwa kwemisebe kungenzeka njengokuchayeka okukodwa okukhulu (acute). Noma kungenzeka njengochungechunge lokuchayeka okuncane okusakazeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (okungamahlalakhona). Ukuvezwa kungaba ngengozi noma ngenhloso (njengakwindlela yokwelapha ngemisebe yokwelashwa kwezifo).

Ukugula kwemisebe ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nokuvezwa okunamandla futhi kunesethi yezimpawu ezivela ngendlela ehlelekile. Ukuvezwa okungapheli kuvame ukuhambisana nezinkinga zezokwelapha ezibambezelekile ezifana nomdlavuza nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okungenzeka isikhathi eside.

Ingozi yomdlavuza incike kumthamo futhi iqala ukwakha, noma ngabe kunamanani aphansi kakhulu. Akukho "umkhawulo omncane."

Ukuvezwa okuvela kuma-x-ray noma imisebe ye-gamma kukalwa ngamayunithi ama-roentgens. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ukuvezwa komzimba okuphelele kwama-roentgens / i-rad eyi-100 noma i-1 Grey unit (Gy) kubangela ukugula ngemisebe.
• Ukuvezwa komzimba okuphelele kwama-roentgens / i-rad engama-400 (noma i-4 Gy) kubangela ukugula nokufa kwemisebe engxenyeni yabantu abadalulwayo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, cishe wonke umuntu othola imisebe engaphezu kwaleli nani uzofa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30.
• I-100,000 roentgens / i-rad (i-1,000 Gy) ibangela ukuquleka ngokushesha nokufa kungakapheli ihora.

Ubukhulu bezimpawu nokugula (ukugula okunamandla kwemisebe) kuya ngohlobo nenani lemisebe, uvezwe isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba evezwe. Izimpawu zokugula ngemisebe kungenzeka ngemuva kokuvezwa, noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, amasonto, noma izinyanga ezilandelayo. Umnkantsha wethambo nomgudu wamathumbu kuzwela kakhulu ekulimaleni ngemisebe. Izingane nezingane ezisasesibelethweni maningi amathuba okuthi zilimale kanzima ngemisebe.

Ngoba kunzima ukucacisa inani lokuchayeka kwemisebe ezingozini zenuzi, izimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zobukhulu bokudalulwa yilezi: ubude besikhathi phakathi kokuvezwa nokuqala kwezimpawu, ubukhali bezimpawu, nobukhulu bezinguquko ezimhlophe amaseli egazi. Uma umuntu ehlanza isikhathi esingaphansi kwehora ngemuva kokuvezwa, lokho ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi umthamo wemisebe owutholile uphezulu kakhulu futhi kungalindelwa ukufa.

Izingane ezithola ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ezivezwa ngengozi ngemisebe zizolashwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zazo kanye nokubalwa kwazo kwamaseli egazi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo kuyadingeka futhi kudinga ukubhoboza okuncane ngesikhumba emthanjeni ukuthola amasampula egazi.

Izimbangela zifaka:

• Ukuvezwa ngengozi emithamo ephezulu yemisebe, njengemisebe evela engozini yesikhungo samandla enuzi.
• Ukuvezwa ngemisebe eyeqile yokwelashwa.

Izimpawu zokugula ngemisebe zingafaka:

• Ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukuquleka, ukudideka
  
• Ukopha okuphuma emakhaleni, emlonyeni, ezinsinini nasezikhunjeni
• Ukuqubuka, ukusha kwesikhumba, izilonda ezivulekile esikhunjeni, ukuklabhuka kwesikhumba
• Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni
• Uhudo, indle enegazi
• Imfiva
• Ukulahleka kwezinwele
• Ukuvuvukala kwezindawo eziveziwe (ububomvu, isisa, ukuvuvukala, ukopha)
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza, kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza kwegazi
• Izilonda (izilonda) emlonyeni, iminjunju (ipayipi lokudla), isisu noma amathumbu

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokweluleka ngokuthi ungazelapha kanjani kahle lezi zimpawu. Imithi ingabelwa ukusiza ukunciphisa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nobuhlungu. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kunganikelwa nge-anemia (ukubalwa okuphansi kwamaseli abomvu anempilo). Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela noma ukulwa nezifo.

Ukunikeza usizo lokuqala kuzisulu zemisebe kungaveza abasebenzi bezokutakula emisebeni ngaphandle uma bevikelwe kahle. Izisulu kufanele zingcoliswe ukuze zingabangeli ukulimala kwemisebe kwabanye.

• Hlola ukuphefumula komuntu nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Qala i-CPR, uma kunesidingo.
• Susa ingubo yomuntu bese ufaka izinto esitsheni esivaliwe. Lokhu kumisa ukungcoliswa okuqhubekayo.
• Geza ngamandla isisulu ngensipho namanzi.
• Yomisa isisulu bese uyisonga ngengubo ethambile, ehlanzekile.
• Shayela usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo noma uthathe umuntu umyise esikhungweni sezokwelapha esiphuthumayo esiseduze uma ungakwenza ngokuphepha.
• Bika ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo.

Uma izimpawu zenzeka phakathi noma ngemuva kokwelashwa ngemisebe yezokwelapha:

• Tshela umhlinzeki noma ufune ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
• Bamba izindawo ezithintekile ngobumnene.
• Phatha izimpawu noma ukugula njengoba kunconywe ngumhlinzeki.

• Ungahlali endaweni lapho kuvezwe khona.
• UNGAFAKI amafutha okugcoba ezindaweni ezishile.
• UNGAHLALI ugqoke izingubo ezingcolile.
• Unganqikazi ukufuna ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Izindlela zokuzivikela zifaka:

• Gwema ukuchayeka emisebeni ngokungadingekile, kufaka phakathi ama-CT scan nama-x-ray angadingekile.
• Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni ezinobungozi bemisebe kufanele bafake amabheji ukukala izinga labo lokuvezwa.
• Amahawu okuvikela kufanele abekwe njalo ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezingalashwa noma ezifundwayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-x-ray imaging noma i-radiation therapy.

Ubuthi bemisebe; Ukulimala ngemisebe; Ubuthi beRad

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

UHryhorczuk D, uTheobald JL. Ukulimala kwemisebe. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 138.

ISundaram T. Isikali semisebe nokucatshangelwa kokuphepha emfanekisweni. Ku: I-Torigian DA, uRamchandani P, ama-eds. Izimfihlo Ze-Radiology Kanye. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 7.