Isifo semithambo eseceleni - imilenze

I-Peripheral artery disease (PAD) yisimo semithambo yegazi enikezela ngemilenze nezinyawo. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kwemithambo yemilenze. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla kwegazi, okungalimaza izinzwa nezinye izicubu.

I-PAD ibangelwa i-atherosclerosis. Le nkinga yenzeka lapho okunamafutha (uqweqwe) kwakha ezindongeni zemithambo yakho futhi kuyenza inciphe. Izindonga zemithambo yegazi nazo ziyaqina futhi azikwazi ukunweba (ukunwebeka) ukuvumela ukugeleza kwegazi okukhulu lapho kudingeka.

Ngenxa yalokho, imisipha yemilenze yakho ayikwazi ukuthola igazi ne-oxygen eyanele lapho isebenza kanzima (njengesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma sokuhamba). Uma i-PAD iba nzima, kungahle kungabi khona igazi ne-oxygen eyanele, noma imisipha iphumule.

I-PAD yisifo esivamile. Imvamisa kuthinta abesilisa abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, kepha nabesifazane bangaba nayo. Abantu basengozini enkulu uma benomlando we:

• I-cholesterol engavamile
• Isifo sikashukela
• Isifo senhliziyo (isifo semithambo yenhliziyo)
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• Isifo sezinso esifaka phakathi i-hemodialysis
• Ukubhema
• Unhlangothi (isifo se-cerebrovascular)

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-PAD ubuhlungu, ukukhathazeka, ukukhathala, ukushisa, noma ukungakhululeki emisipha yezinyawo zakho, amathole noma amathanga. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma sokuzivocavoca, bese zihamba ngemuva kwemizuzu eminingana yokuphumula.

• Ekuqaleni, lezi zimpawu zingavela kuphela uma ukhuphuka umqansa, uhamba ngokushesha, noma uhamba amabanga amade.
• Kancane kancane, lezi zimpawu zivela ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngokuzivocavoca umzimba okuncane.
• Imilenze noma izinyawo zakho zingazizwa zikindiki lapho uphumule. Imilenze nayo ingazizwa ipholile uma uyithinta, futhi isikhumba singabukeka siphaphathekile.

Lapho i-PAD iba nzima, ungahle ube:

• Ukungabi namandla
• Ubuhlungu namajaqamba ebusuku
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuncinza ezinyaweni noma ezinzwaneni, okungaba kubi kangangoba ngisho isisindo sezingubo noma amashidi embhede kubuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu obubi kakhulu lapho uphakamisa imilenze yakho, futhi buyathuthuka lapho ulengisa imilenze yakho eceleni kombhede
• Isikhumba esibukeka simnyama futhi siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Izilonda ezingapholi

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angathola:

• Umsindo oshosayo lapho i-stethoscope ibanjelwe umthambo (ama-arterial bruits)
• Kwehlise umfutho wegazi engalweni ethintekile
• Imidumba ebuthakathaka noma engekho emlenzeni

Lapho i-PAD inzima kakhulu, okutholakele kungafaka:

• Imisipha yethole encipha (ibuna noma i-atrophy)
• Ukulahleka kwezinwele ngaphezu kwemilenze, izinyawo nezinzwane
• Izilonda ezibuhlungu, ezingophi ezinyaweni noma ezinzwaneni (imvamisa emnyama) eziphuza ukwelashwa
• Ukuphaphatheka kwesikhumba noma umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinzwaneni noma ezinyaweni (i-cyanosis)
• Isikhumba esikhanyayo, esiqinile
• Izinzipho zeminwe

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungakhombisa i-cholesterol ephezulu noma isifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PAD kufaka:

• I-angiography yemilenze
• Umfutho wegazi ulinganiswa ezingalweni nasemilenzeni ukuqhathanisa (i-ankle / brachial index, noma i-ABI)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Doppler ultrasound komkhawulo
• I-Magnetic resonance angiography noma i-CT angiography

Izinto ongazenza ukulawula i-PAD zifaka:

• Ukulinganisela ukuzivocavoca nokuphumula. Hamba noma wenze omunye umsebenzi uze ufike ezinhlungwini bese ukushintsha ngezikhathi zokuphumula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusakazwa kwakho kungathuthuka njengoba kwakha imithambo emincane yegazi. Njalo khuluma nomhlinzeki ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.
• Yeka ukubhema. Ukubhema kunciphisa imithambo yegazi, kunciphisa amandla egazi okuthwala umoya-mpilo, futhi kwandisa ubungozi bokwenza amahlule (i-thrombi ne-emboli).
• Nakekela izinyawo zakho, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo sikashukela. Gqoka izicathulo ezilingana kahle. Nakekela noma ikuphi ukusikeka, ukusikwa, noma ukulimala, bese ubona umhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo. Izicubu ziphola kancane futhi maningi amathuba okuthi zitheleleke lapho kuncipha ukusakazeka kwegazi.
• Qiniseka ukuthi umfutho wegazi ulawulwa kahle.
• Uma ukhuluphele ngokwehlisa isisindo sakho.
• Uma i-cholesterol yakho iphezulu, yidla ukudla okune-cholesterol ephansi kanye namafutha amancane.
• Bheka izinga likashukela egazini lakho uma unesifo sikashukela, futhi uligcine lilawulwa.

Imithi ingadingeka ukulawula lesi sifo, kufaka phakathi:

• I-Aspirin noma umuthi obizwa nge-clopidogrel (Plavix), ogcina igazi lakho lingakhi amahlule emithanjeni yakho. Ungayeki ukuthatha le mithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma kuqala nomhlinzeki wakho.
• I-Cilostazol, umuthi osebenza ukukhulisa (ukunwebeka) umthambo noma imithambo ethintekayo yamacala amaphakathi kuya kabuhlungu angavunyelwe ukuhlinzwa.
• Imithi yokusiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho.
• Ukudambisa izinhlungu.

Uma uthatha imithi yengcindezi ephezulu yegazi noma yesifo sikashukela, yisebenzise njengoba umhlinzeki wakho ekuyalele.

Ungahlinzwa uma isimo sinzima futhi sithinta ikhono lakho lokusebenza noma ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile, unezinhlungu lapho uphumule, noma unezilonda noma izilonda emlenzeni ongapholi. Izinketho yilezi:

• Inqubo yokuvula imithambo yegazi encishisiwe noma evinjiwe ehambisa igazi emilenzeni yakho
• Ukuhlinzwa ukwenza umzila wegazi kabusha emthanjeni ovalekile

Abanye abantu abane-PAD bangadinga ukuthi basuswe isitho (banqunywe).

Izimo eziningi ze-PAD yemilenze zingalawulwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Yize ukuhlinzwa kunikeza ukukhululeka kwezimpawu ezinhle ezimweni ezinzima, izinqubo ze-angioplasty nezinuka ziyasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa kaningi.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Amahlule egazi noma ama-emboli avimba imithambo yegazi emincane
• Isifo semithambo yegazi
• Ukungabi namandla
• Izilonda ezivulekile (izilonda zeschemic emilenzeni engezansi)
• Ukufa kwezicubu (ukubola)
• Umlenze noma unyawo oluthintekile kungadingeka ukuthi lunqunywe

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma une:

• Umlenze noma unyawo oluba lupholile lapho kuthintwa, liphaphathekile, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma lundikindiki
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuphefumula okuncane ngobuhlungu bomlenze
• Ubuhlungu bomlenze obungapheli, noma ngabe ungahambi noma unganyakazi (okubizwa ubuhlungu bokuphumula)
• Imilenze ebomvu, eshisayo, noma evuvukile
• Izilonda / izilonda ezintsha
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka (imfiva, ubomvu, ukugula okujwayelekile)
• Izimpawu ze-arteriosclerosis yemikhawulo

Akukho ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okunconyelwe ukukhomba i-PAD ezigulini ezingenazo izimpawu.

Ezinye izingozi zesifo semithambo ongazishintsha yilezi:

• Ukungabhemi. Uma ubhema, yeka.
• Ukulawula i-cholesterol yakho ngokudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, nemithi.
• Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nemithi, uma kudingeka.
• Ukulawula isifo sikashukela ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nemithi, uma kudingeka.
• Ukuzivocavoca okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla ukudla okunempilo, ukudla okuncane, nokujoyina uhlelo lokwehlisa isisindo, uma udinga ukunciphisa umzimba.
• Ukufunda izindlela ezinempilo zokubhekana nengcindezi ngokusebenzisa amakilasi akhethekile noma izinhlelo, noma izinto ezifana nokuzindla noma i-yoga.
• Ukulinganisela ukuthi uphuza kangakanani utshwala ekuphuzeni okungu-1 ngosuku kwabesifazane no-2 ngosuku kwabesilisa.

Isifo semithambo yegazi; PVD; I-PAD; I-Arteriosclerosis obliterans; Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yemilenze; Ukuphetha; Ukuhlukaniswa okuphakathi; Isifo se-Vaso-occlusive semilenze; Ukungasebenzi kahle kwemilenze; Ubuhlungu bomlenze obuphindiwe nokucinana; Ubuhlungu benkonyane ngokuzivocavoca umzimba

• Ukubekwa kwe-angioplasty nokuma okuqinile - imithambo yegazi - ukukhipha
• Izidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• Cholesterol nendlela yokuphila
• Kuchazwe amafutha ezokudla
• Amathiphu okudla okusheshayo
• Ukunqunywa unyawo - ukukhishwa
• Uwafunda kanjani amalebula okudla
• Ukunqunywa umlenze - ukukhishwa
• Ukunqunywa umlenze noma unyawo - ukugqoka
• Ukudla kwaseMedithera
• Ukudlula emthanjeni wokudlula - umlenze - ukukhishwa

• I-atherosclerosis yemikhawulo
• Umlenze odlulayo we-Arterial - uchungechunge

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