Ikholera

Ikholera yisifo segciwane emathunjini amancane esidala inani elikhulu lohudo lwamanzi.

Ikholera idalwa amagciwane I-Vibrio cholerae. Lawa mabhaktheriya akhipha ubuthi obenza ukuthi inani elandayo lamanzi likhishwe kumaseli agudle amathumbu. Lokhu kwanda kwamanzi kuveza isifo sohudo esibi.

Abantu baba nesifo ngenxa yokudla noma ukuphuza ukudla noma amanzi aqukethe igciwane lekholera. Ukuhlala noma ukuhambela izindawo lapho kunekholera kukhuphula ubungozi bokuyithola.

Ikholera yenzeka ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukwelashwa kwamanzi noma ukuphathwa kwendle, noma ukuminyana, impi nendlala. Izindawo ezivamile zekholera zifaka:

• Afrika
• Ezinye izingxenye zase-Asia
• India
• IBangladesh
• EMexico
• ENingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi

Izimpawu zekholera zingaba mnene ziqine. Kubandakanya:

• Amajaqamba esiswini
• Izimbungulu ezomile noma umlomo owomile
• Isikhumba esomile
• Ukoma ngokweqile
• Amehlo anengilazi noma acwile
• Ukungabi nezinyembezi
• Imikhuba emibi
• Ukukhishwa komchamo ophansi
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuphela kwamanzi ngokushesha
• Ukushaya ngamandla (isilinganiso senhliziyo)
• "Izindawo ezithambile" ezi-Sunken (fontanelles) ezinsaneni
• Ukulala okungavamile noma ukukhathala
• Ukuhlanza
• Uhudo lwamanzi oluqala kungazelelwe futhi lube nephunga "elinjenge-fishy"

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Isiko legazi
• Isiko le-Stool ne-Gram stain

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukubuyisela uketshezi nosawoti okulahlekile ngohudo. Uhudo kanye nokulahleka koketshezi kungashesha futhi kube ngokweqile. Kungaba nzima ukubuyisela uketshezi olulahlekile.

Ngokuya ngesimo sakho, unganikezwa uketshezi ngomlomo noma ngomthambo (ngemithambo, noma nge-IV). Ama-antibiotic anganciphisa isikhathi lapho uzizwa ugula.

I-World Health Organisation (WHO) isungule amaphakethe kasawoti ahlanganiswe namanzi ahlanzekile ukusiza ukubuyisa uketshezi. Lokhu kushibhile futhi kulula ukukusebenzisa kunoketshezi olujwayelekile lwe-IV. Lawa maphakethe manje asetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu kungadala ukufa. Iningi labantu lizolulama ngokugcwele lapho linikezwa uketshezi olwanele.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni
• Ukufa

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma uba nesifo sohudo esinamandla. Fonela futhi uma unezimpawu zokwehla emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi:

• Umlomo owomile
• Isikhumba esomile
• Amehlo "anengilazi"
• Azikho izinyembezi
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo
• Umchamo owehlisiwe noma awukho
• Amehlo adakiwe
• Omile
• Ukulala okungavamile noma ukukhathala

Kunomuthi wokugomela ikholera otholakala kubantu abadala abaneminyaka yobudala eyi-18 kuya kwengama-64 abahambela endaweni ene-cholera esebenzayo. ICenters for Disease Control and Prevention ayikhuthazi umuthi wokugomela ikholera kubahambi abaningi ngoba abantu abaningi abahambeli ezindaweni lapho ikhona ikholera.

Abahambi kufanele njalo baqaphele lapho bedla ukudla namanzi okuphuza, noma ngabe begonyiwe.

Lapho ukuqubuka kwekholera kwenzeka, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokuthola amanzi ahlanzekile, ukudla, nokuthuthwa kwendle. Ukugoma akusizi kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuqubuka.

• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla
• Izitho zohlelo lokugaya ukudla
• Amagciwane

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Cholera - Vibrio cholerae ukutheleleka. www.cdc.gov/cholera/vaccines.html. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 15, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi 14, 2020.

I-Gotuzzo E, Izilwandle C. Ikholera nezinye izifo ze-vibrio. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 286.

Iwebhusayithi ye-United Nations World Health Organisation. Iphepha lokubeka i-WHO ngosawoti bomlomo abuyisa amanzi emzimbeni ukunciphisa ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yekholera. www.who.int/cholera/technical/en. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi 14, 2020.

UWaldor MK, uRyan ET. I-Vibrio cholerae. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 214.