Izingozi zezempilo zokusetshenziswa kotshwala

Ubhiya, iwayini, notshwala konke kuqukethe utshwala. Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala kungakubeka engcupheni yezinkinga ezihlobene notshwala.

Ubhiya, iwayini, notshwala konke kuqukethe utshwala. Uma uphuza noma yikuphi kwalokhu, usebenzisa utshwala. Amaphethini akho okuphuza angahluka, kuya ngokuthi unobani nokuthi wenzani.

Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala kungakubeka engcupheni yezinkinga ezihlobene notshwala uma:

• Ungowesilisa ongaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala oneziphuzo eziyi-15 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto, noma uvame ukuphuza iziphuzo ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu ngasikhathi.
• Ungowesifazane noma owesilisa oneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ubudala oneziphuzo eziyi-8 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto, noma uvame ukuphuza iziphuzo ezi-4 noma ngaphezulu ngasikhathi.

Isiphuzo esisodwa sichazwa njengama-ounces ayi-12 (355 milliliters, mL) kabhiya, ama-ounces ama-5 (148 mL) wewayini, noma i-1 1/2-ounce (44 mL) yotshwala.

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile isikhathi eside kukhulisa amathuba akho oku:

• Ukopha esiswini noma emphinjeni (ishubhu ukudla okudlula ngomlomo wakho kuya esiswini sakho).
• Ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwamanyikwe. Ama-pancreas akho akhiqiza izinto umzimba wakho odinga ukusebenza kahle.
• Ukulimala kwesibindi. Uma kunzima, ukulimala kwesibindi kuvame ukuholela ekufeni.
• Ukungondleki kahle.
• Umdlavuza womphimbo, isibindi, ikholoni, ikhanda nentamo, amabele, nezinye izindawo.

Ukuphuza ngokweqile nakho kunga:

• Kwenze kube nzima ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngemithi uma usunayo umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Hola ezinkingeni zenhliziyo kwabanye abantu.

Utshwala bungathinta ukucabanga kwakho nokwahlulela kwakho isikhathi ngasinye lapho uphuza. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile isikhathi eside kulimaza amangqamuzana obuchopho. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni okungapheli ememori yakho, ekucabangeni, nasendleleni oziphatha ngayo.

Ukulimala kwezinzwa ezisetshenziswa kotshwala kungadala izinkinga eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuba ndikindiki noma "izikhonkwane nezinaliti" ezibuhlungu ezingalweni noma emilenzeni.
• Izinkinga ngokwakhiwa kwamadoda.
• Ukuvuza umchamo noma ukuthola ubunzima bokudlula umchamo.

Ukuphuza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungalimaza ingane ekhulayo. Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa noma i-fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) kungenzeka.

Abantu bavame ukuphuza ukuze bazizwe bengcono noma ukuvimba imizwa yokudabuka, ukucindezeleka, ukwesaba, noma ukukhathazeka. Kepha utshwala bunga:

• Yenza lezi zinkinga zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Dala izinkinga zokulala noma uzenze zibe zimbi kakhulu.
• Khulisa ubungozi bokuzibulala.

Imindeni ivame ukuthinteka lapho othile ekhaya esebenzisa utshwala. Udlame nokuxabana ekhaya kunamathuba amaningi okuthi lapho ilungu lomndeni lisebenzisa kabi utshwala. Izingane ezikhula ekhaya lapho kutholakala khona ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala kungenzeka ukuthi:

• Ungenzi kahle esikoleni.
• Yiba nokudangala futhi ube nezinkinga ngokukhathazeka nokuzethemba okuphansi.
• Yiba nemishado ephela ngesehlukaniso.

Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala ngisho kanye kungakulimaza wena noma abanye. Ungaholela kunoma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Izingozi zezimoto
• Imikhuba yobulili eyingozi, engaholela ekukhulelweni okungahleliwe noma okungafuneki, kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI)
• Ukuwa, ukuminza nezinye izingozi
• Ukuzibulala
• Udlame, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi noma ukudlwengulwa nokubulawa kwabantu

Okokuqala, zibuze ukuthi ungumuntu onjani ophuza utshwala?

Noma ngabe ungumuntu ophuza ngokweqile, ukuphuza kakhulu kanye kuphela kungaba yingozi.

Qaphela izindlela zakho zokuphuza. Funda izindlela zokunciphisa ukuphuza.

Uma ungakwazi ukulawula ukuphuza kwakho noma uma ukuphuza kwakho kuba yingozi kuwe noma kwabanye, funa usizo ku:

• Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo
• Amaqembu okusekela nokuzisiza kwabantu abanezinkinga zokuphuza

Ukuphuza ngokweqile - izingozi; Ukuphuza ngokweqile - izingozi; Ukuthembela otshwaleni - izingozi; Ukuphuza okuyingozi

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Amashidi eqiniso: ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nempilo yakho. www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 30, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

I-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism iwebhusayithi. Utshwala nempilo yakho. www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

I-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism iwebhusayithi. Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala. www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-use-disorder. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

O'Connor PG. Izinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 30.

USherin K, Seikel S, Hale S. Izinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 48.

I-US Preventive Services Task Force. Ukungenelela kokuhlolwa nokwelulekwa ngokokuziphatha ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okungenampilo kubantu abasha nasebantwini: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. I-2018; 320 (18): 1899-1909. I-PMID: 30422199 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30422199/.

• Utshwala
• Ukuphazamiseka Kokusetshenziswa Kotshwala (AUD)