Yini Engakwazi Futhi Engabangeli Umdlavuza Wesikhumba?

-Delile

• Uyini umdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Yini ebangela umdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Ukuvezwa yilanga
• Imibhede yokushuka
• Izinguquko zofuzo
• Izimbangela ezingavamile kakhulu
• Yini engakafakazelwa ukuthi idala umdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Ama-tattoo
• Isikrini selanga
• Izimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba
• Ubani osengozini enkulu?
• Ukufuna nini ukunakekelwa
• Okubalulekile

Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu e-United States umdlavuza wesikhumba. Kepha, ezimweni eziningi, lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luyavikeleka. Ukuqonda okungadala umdlavuza wesikhumba futhi okungakwazi ukukusiza kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuzivikela.

Kule ndatshana, sizoxoxa ngezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba kanye nezinye izinto ezingazimisele ukuwudala. Sizobheka nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezingaba yisiginali yokubona udokotela wakho.

Uyini umdlavuza wesikhumba?

Lapho i-DNA ilimala, ingadala ukungajwayelekile kumaseli. Ngenxa yalokho, lawa maseli awafi njengoba kufanele. Esikhundleni salokho, ziyaqhubeka zikhula futhi zihlukane, zenze amangqamuzana amaningi ngokungajwayelekile.

Lawa maseli aguqukile akwazi ukugwema amasosha omzimba futhi ekugcineni asabalale kuwo wonke umzimba. Lapho lo monakalo we-DNA uqala kumaseli akho esikhumba, unomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba zifaka:

• i-basal cell carcinoma
• squamous cell carcinoma
• i-melanoma

Cishe amaphesenti angama-95 omdlavuza wesikhumba yi-basal cell noma i-squamous cell. Lezi zinhlobo ze-nonmelanoma ziyelapheka uma zitholakala futhi zilashwa kusenesikhathi. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi bangaki abantu abathola lezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza njengoba kungekho mfuneko yokubika kubhalisi lomdlavuza.

I-Melanoma inzima kakhulu, ibala cishe amaphesenti angama-75 okufa komdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, kwakukhona amacala amasha angaphezu kwe-96,000 we-melanoma ngo-2019.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wesikhumba?

Ukuvezwa yilanga

Imbangela yeNombolo 1 yomdlavuza wesikhumba yimisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili okuchayeka kwelanga kwenzeka ungakafiki eminyakeni engu-18.
• Ukuvezwa ebusika kuyingozi njengokuchayeka ehlobo.
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba we-Nonmelanoma ungabangelwa ukuvezwa kwelanga okukhulayo.
• Ukushiswa yilanga kanzima ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-18 kungaholela kwi-melanoma kamuva empilweni.
• Eminye imithi, njengama-antibiotic, ingakhuphula ukuzwela kwesikhumba sakho elangeni.
• Ukuthola i- "base tan" akunikezi sivikelo ekushisweni yilanga noma kumdlavuza wesikhumba.

Unganciphisa ukutholakala kwelanga ngokwenza okulandelayo:

• Sebenzisa isivikelo selanga noma isivikelo selanga nge-SPF 30, okungenani.
• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela elangeni.
• Funa umthunzi lapho kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-3 ntambama. lapho imisebe yelanga inamandla kakhulu.
• Gqoka isigqoko ukuvikela isikhumba ebusweni nasekhanda.

Imibhede yokushuka

Imisebe ye-UV ingalimaza isikhumba sakho, noma ngabe ivelaphi. Imibhede yokushuka, amadokodo nezibani zelanga zikhiqiza imisebe ye-UV. Aziphephile kunokushiswa yilanga, futhi azilungiseli isikhumba sakho ukushiswa yilanga.

Ngokuya ngocwaningo, ukushuka kwasendlini kubhekwa njenge-carcinogenic kubantu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa nokuthi imibhede yokushuka inyusa ubungozi be-melanoma noma ungashisi.

Izinguquko zofuzo

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungazuzwa njengefa noma kungatholakala ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakho. Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okutholakala kakhulu okuhambisana ne-melanoma yi-oncogene ye-BRAF.

Ngokusho kuka, cishe isigamu sabantu abane-melanoma esisakazekile, noma i-melanoma engenakususwa ngokuhlinzwa, banezinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo ze-BRAF.

Okunye ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kufaka:

• I-NRAS
• CDKN2A
• NF1
• I-C-KIT

Izimbangela ezingavamile kakhulu

Uma wenza izipikili zakho zenziwe esalon, maningi amathuba okuthi ubeke iminwe yakho ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-UV ukuze yome.

Ucwaningo olulodwa oluncane kakhulu olushicilelwe ku lubonisa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwezibani ze-UV nail kuyingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngenkathi ucwaningo olwengeziwe ludingeka, ababhali bokufunda batusa ukusebenzisa ezinye izinketho zokomisa izinzipho zakho.

Ezinye izimbangela ezingandile zomdlavuza wesikhumba zifaka:

• ukuvezwa kaninginingi kuma-X-ray noma ama-CT scan
• izibazi ngenxa yokusha noma izifo
• ukuvezwa emsebenzini kumakhemikhali athile, njenge-arsenic

Yini engakafakazelwa ukuthi idala umdlavuza wesikhumba?

Ama-tattoo

Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ama-tattoo abangela umdlavuza wesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, kuyiqiniso ukuthi ama-tattoo angenza kube nzima ukubona umdlavuza wesikhumba kusenesikhathi.

Kungcono ukugwema ukuthola i-tattoo phezu kwemvukuzane noma enye indawo engakhathaza.

Hlola isikhumba sakho esidwetshiwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Bheka udokotela wesikhumba ngokushesha uma ubona noma yini esolisayo.

Isikrini selanga

Kuwukuhlakanipha ukubheka izithako zanoma imuphi umkhiqizo owufakayo esikhunjeni sakho, kufaka phakathi i-sunscreen. Kodwa ongoti baseMD Anderson Cancer Centre naseHarvard Medical School bathi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi izivikeli zelanga zibanga umdlavuza wesikhumba.

Kanye ne-American Cancer Society (ACS), ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa kwesikrini selanga esibanzi esivimbela imisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB.

Izimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba

Iningi lezimonyo, ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba, neminye imikhiqizo yokuzinakekela inezinhlu ezinde zezithako. Ezinye zalezi zithako zingaba yingozi ngobuningi.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, noma kunjalo, izimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu ayinazo izilinganiso eziphakeme ngokwanele zezithako ezithile ezinobuthi ezingabangela umdlavuza.

Ngokusho kwe-ACS, akukaze kube nezifundo ezanele zesikhathi eside kubantu ukwenza izimangalo ngengozi yomdlavuza. Kepha, izingozi zezempilo zokuchayeka isikhathi eside kubuthi obuthile azikwazi ukukhishwa ngokuphelele.

Uma unokukhathazeka ngomkhiqizo owusebenzisayo, hlola izithako bese uthintana nodokotela wesikhumba.

Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Noma ngubani angaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, kepha izici ezithile zingakhuphula ubungozi bakho. Lokhu kufaka:

• ukuba nesikhumba esifanelekile noma isikhumba esinezinqa
• ukuthola okungenani ukushiswa yilanga okukodwa okunzima, ikakhulukazi njengengane noma intsha
• ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni
• imibhede yokushuka, amadokodo noma izibani
• uhlala endaweni enelanga, ephakeme kakhulu
• ama-moles, ikakhulukazi angajwayelekile
• izilonda zesikhumba ezingapholi
• umlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• ukuvezwa kwemisebe, kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe yezimo zesikhumba
• ukuvezwa kwe-arsenic noma amanye amakhemikhali asemsebenzini
• I-xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), isimo esibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo
• izinguquko ezithile zofuzo ezitholwe njengefa

Uma uke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba kanye, usengozini yokuwuthola futhi.

I-Melanoma ivame kakhulu kwabamhlophe abangewona abaseSpanishi. Kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50, kodwa kuvame kakhulu kwabesilisa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65.

Ukufuna nini ukunakekelwa

Bheka udokotela wakho uma ubona ushintsho esikhunjeni sakho, njengesilonda esisha sesikhumba, imvukuzane entsha, noma izinguquko kumvukuzane osuvele ukhona.

I-basal cell carcinoma ingavela njengo:

• iqhubu elincane, elimnyama ebusweni noma entanyeni
• isilonda esicwebezelayo esibomvana, noma esinsundu ezingalweni, emilenzeni, noma esiqwini

I-squamous cell carcinoma ingahle ibukeke:

• isibumbu esiqinile, esibomvu
• isilonda esibuhlungu, esinamaxolo esinokulunywa, ukopha, noma ukuqhaqhazela

I-Melanoma ingabukeka njengesigaxa, isichibi noma imvukuzane. Ngokuvamile:

• i-asymmetric (uhlangothi olulodwa luhlukile kolunye)
• kudabuke emaphethelweni
• ngombala ongalingani, ongafaka omhlophe, obomvu, onsundu, onsundu, omnyama noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ikhula ngosayizi
• ukushintsha ngokubukeka noma ukuthi kunjani, njengokulunywa noma ukopha

Okubalulekile

Imbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wesikhumba ukuchayeka elangeni. Ukuvezwa ebuntwaneni kungaholela kumdlavuza wesikhumba kamuva empilweni.

Yize kunezici ezithile zobungozi esingakwazi ukuzisiza, njenge-genetics, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuvikela isikhumba sakho emisebeni ye-UV, ukugwema imibhede yokushuka, nokusebenzisa isikrini selanga esibanzi

Bheka udokotela wakho uma ubona ushintsho olungavamile esikhunjeni sakho. Lapho utholakala kusenesikhathi, umdlavuza wesikhumba uyelapheka.