I-aplastic anemia

I-aplastic anemia yisimo lapho umnkantsha ungenzi amaseli wegazi anele. Umnkantsha wethambo yisicubu esithambile, esisenkabeni yamathambo esibhekele ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi nama-platelet.

I-aplastic anemia ibangelwa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana egazi egazi. Ama-stem cell amangqamuzana angavuthiwe emnkantsheni wethambo aletha zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazi (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelets). Ukulimala kumaseli we-stem kuholela ekwehleni kwenani lalezi zinhlobo zamaseli egazi.

I-aplastic anemia ingabangelwa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile noma ukuvezwa amakhemikhali anobuthi (njenge-chloramphenicol, i-benzene)
• Ukuvezwa ngemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali
• Ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo
• Ukukhulelwa
• Amagciwane

Kwesinye isikhathi, imbangela ayaziwa. Kulokhu, lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-idiopathic aplastic anemia.

Izimpawu zibangelwa ukungakhiqizi kahle kwamaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelets. Izimpawu zingase zibe nzima kusukela ekuqaleni noma kancane kancane zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka.

Ukubalwa kwamaseli abomvu okuphansi (i-anemia) kungadala:

• Ukukhathala
• I-Pallor (ukuphaphatheka)
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuphefumula kanzima ngokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ubuthakathaka
• Inwele elikhanyayo lapho imile

Inani eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe (i-leukopenia) lidala ingozi yokutheleleka.

Ukubalwa kweplatelet ephansi (i-thrombocytopenia) kungaholela ekopheni. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Izinsini zokopha
• Ukulinyazwa okulula
• Kuphuma igazi ekhaleni
• I-Rash, amamaki amancane abomvu akhomba esikhunjeni (petechiae)
• Izifo ezivame noma ezinzima (ezingavamile kakhulu)

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzobonisa:

• Isibalo samaseli abomvu aphansi (i-anemia)
• Inani eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe egazi (leukopenia)
• Isibalo se-reticulocyte esiphansi (ama-reticulocytes angamaseli abomvu egazi amancane kunawo wonke)
• Inani eliphansi leplatelet (thrombocytopenia)

I-bone marrow biopsy ikhombisa amangqamuzana egazi angaphansi kokujwayelekile kanye nenani elikhuphukile lamafutha.

Amacala amancane we-aplastic anemia angenazo izimpawu angahle angadingi ukwelashwa.

Njengoba ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi kuyehla futhi izimpawu ziyakhula, igazi nama-platelet kunikezwa ngokumpontshelwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukumpontshelwa kungayeka ukusebenza, okuholela ekubaleni okuphansi kakhulu kwamaseli egazi. Lesi yisimo esisongela impilo.

Umnkantsha we-Bone, noma ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell kunganconywa kubantu abasha. Kungenzeka ukuthi kunconywe kuleyo minyaka engama-50 nangaphansi, kepha abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 bangathola ukufakelwa kabusha uma bephilile ngokwanele. Le ndlela yokwelashwa isebenza kahle kakhulu uma umnikeli kungumzalwane noma udade ofana ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ngumnikeli wezingane ezifanayo ..

Abantu abadala nalabo abangenaye umnikeli wezingane ezifanayo banikezwa umuthi wokucindezela amasosha omzimba. Le mithi ingavumela umnkantsha wethambo ukuthi uphinde wenze amangqamuzana egazi anempilo. Kodwa lesi sifo singabuya (sibuyele emuva). Ukufakelwa komnkantsha nomnikeli ongahlobene kungazanywa uma le mithi ingasizi noma uma lesi sifo sibuya emuva kokuba ngcono.

I-anemia engalashwa, enzima iholela ekufeni okusheshayo. Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kungaphumelela kakhulu kubantu abasha. Ukufakelwa futhi kuyasetshenziswa kubantu asebekhulile noma lapho lesi sifo sibuya emuva kokuba imithi iyekile ukusebenza.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukutheleleka okunzima noma ukopha
• Izinkinga zokufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo
• Ukusabela emithini
• I-Hemochromatosis (insimbi eyakhiwe kakhulu ezicutshini zomzimba kusuka ekumpontshelweni kwamangqamuzana abomvu amaningi)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma uye egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo uma ukopha kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma uma ukuphuma kwegazi kunzima ukumisa. Shayela uma ubona ukutheleleka okuvamile noma ukukhathala okungavamile.

I-anemia ye-Hypoplastic; Ukwehluleka komnkantsha wethambo - i-aplastic anemia

• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo - ukukhipha

• Ukufiswa komnkantsha wethambo

I-Bagby GC. I-aplastic anemia kanye nokuhluleka komnkantsha wamathambo okuhlobene. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 156.

UCulligan D, uWatson HG. Igazi nomnkantsha. Ku: Cross SS, ed. I-Underwood's Pathology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 23.

I-NS encane, iMaciejewski JP. I-aplastic anemia. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 30.