I-anaemia ekhathazayo

I-anemia yisimo lapho umzimba ungenawo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele anele. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anikeza umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-anemia.

I-anemia enobungozi ukwehla kwamaseli abomvu egazi okwenzeka lapho amathumbu engakwazi ukumunca kahle uvithamini B12.

I-anemia ekhathazayo uhlobo lwe-vitamin B12 anemia. Umzimba udinga uvithamini B12 ukwenza amaseli abomvu egazi. Le vithamini uyithola ngokudla ukudla okufana nenyama, izinkukhu, izimbaza, amaqanda nemikhiqizo yobisi.

Iphrotheni ekhethekile, ebizwa nge-intrinsic factor (IF), ibopha uvithamini B12 ukuze ikwazi ukungena emathunjini. Le phrotheni ikhishwa ngamangqamuzana esiswini. Lapho isisu singenzi okwanele ngaphakathi, ithumbu alikwazi ukumunca kahle uvithamini B12.

Izimbangela ezivamile ze-anemia eyingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ulwelwesi lwesisu olubuthakathaka (i-atrophic gastritis)
• Isimo sokuzivikela komzimba lapho amasosha omzimba ahlasela khona amaprotheni we-intrinsic factor noma amaseli asemgqeni wesisu sakho awenzayo.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-anemia eyingozi idluliselwa emindenini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-congenital anemia eyingozi. Izingane ezinalolu hlobo lwe-anemia azenzi lutho olwanele ngaphakathi. Noma abakwazi ukumunca kahle uvithamini B12 emathunjini amancane.

Kubantu abadala, izimpawu ze-anemia eyingozi ngokuvamile azibonwa kuze kube ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-30. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuxilongwa sineminyaka engama-60.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uthuthukise lesi sifo uma:

• Ingabe iScandinavia noma iNyakatho Yurophu
• Yiba nomlando womndeni waleso simo

Izifo ezithile nazo zingakhuphula ubungozi bakho. Kubandakanya:

• Isifo i-Addison
• Isifo samathuna
• I-Hypoparathyroidism
• I-Hypothyroidism
• I-Myasthenia gravis
• Ukulahleka komsebenzi ojwayelekile wama-ovari ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40 (ukwehluleka okuyisisekelo kwe-ovarian)
• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamasende
• I-Vitiligo
• Isifo seSjögren
• Isifo seHashimoto
• Isifo seCeliac

I-anemia ekhathazayo nayo ingenzeka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokudlula esiswini.

Abanye abantu abanazo izimpawu. Izimpawu zingaba mnene.

Zingafaka:

• Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukukhathala, ukungabi namandla, noma ikhanda elikhanyayo lapho umile noma ngokuzikhandla
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile (i-jaundice emnene)
• Ukuphefumula kancane, ikakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Isilungulela
• Ivuvukile, ibomvu ulimi noma izinsini ezophayo

Uma unezinga eliphansi levithamini B12 isikhathi eside, ungaba nomonakalo wesistimu yezinzwa. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukudideka
• Ukulahleka kwememori yesikhashana
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokushosheka ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Izinkinga ukugxila
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukusangana
• Ukudukiswa
• I-optic nerve atrophy

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo (kudingeka kuphela uma ukuxilongwa kungacaci)
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ukubalwa kwe-Reticulocyte
• Izinga le-LDH
• I-serum bilirubin
• Izinga le-Methylmalonic acid (MMA)
• Izinga le-homocysteine ​​(i-amino acid etholakala egazini)
• Izinga le-Vitamin B12
• Izinga lama-antibodies alwa ne-IF noma amaseli enza i-IF

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukwandisa izinga lakho le-vitamin B12:

• Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukudubula ivithamini B12 kanye ngenyanga. Abantu abanamazinga aphansi kakhulu we-B12 bangadinga amashothi amaningi ekuqaleni.
• Abanye abantu bangaphathwa ngokwanele ngokuthatha imithamo emikhulu yezithako zevithamini B12 ngomlomo.
• Uhlobo oluthile lwevithamini B12 lunganikezwa ngamakhala.

Iningi labantu livame ukwenza kahle ngokwelashwa.

Kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi. Ukulimala kwemithambo kungasebenza unomphela uma ukwelashwa kungaqali ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zezimpawu.

Abantu abane-anemia eyingozi bangaba nama-polyp esiswini. Banamathuba amaningi okuba nomdlavuza wesisu kanye nezicubu zesisu se-carcinoid.

Abantu abane-anemia eyingozi banamathuba amaningi okuthi baphuke iqolo, umlenze ongaphezulu, nengalo engaphezulu.

Izinkinga zobuchopho nezinhlelo zezinzwa zingaqhubeka noma zihlale unomphela uma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka.

Owesifazane onezinga eliphansi le-B12 angaba ne-Pap smear engelona iqiniso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuntuleka kukavithamini B12 kuthinta indlela amaseli athile (amaseli we-epithelial) emlomo wesibeletho abukeka ngayo.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu zokushoda kukavithamini B12.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela lolu hlobo lwe-vitamin B12 anemia. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni izinkinga.

I-Macrocytic achylic anemia; Ukuzalwa kwegazi okuyingozi; I-anemia eyingozi yobusha; Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 (malabsorption); I-anemia - isici esingaphakathi; Ukushoda kwegazi - IF; I-anemia - i-atrophic gastritis; I-biermer anemia; I-Addison anemia

• I-Megaloblastic anemia - ukubuka kwamaseli abomvu egazi

U-Antony AC. Ama-anemias we-Megaloblastic. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 39.

U-Anusha V. I-anemia ekhathazayo / i-megaloblastic anemia. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje kukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 446-448.

I-Elghetany MT, iSchexneider KI, ukuphazamiseka kwe-Banki K. Erythrocytic. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, abahleli. UHenry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Umhla ka-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 32.

Kusho i-RT. Sondela kuma-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 149.