I-hemolytic anemia

I-anemia yisimo lapho umzimba ungenawo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele anele. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anikeza umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba.

Imvamisa, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ahlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-120 emzimbeni. Ku-hemolytic anemia, amaseli abomvu egazini abhujiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile.

Umnkantsha wethambo ikakhulu unesibopho sokwenza amaseli abomvu amasha. Umnkantsha wethambo yizicubu ezithambile ezisenkabeni yamathambo ezisiza ukwakha wonke amaseli egazi.

I-hemolytic anemia yenzeka lapho umnkantsha ungenzi amaseli abomvu anele ukumiselela lawo abhujiswayo.

Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona ze-hemolytic anemia. Amaseli abomvu egazi angabhujiswa ngenxa:

• Inkinga yokuzilimaza komzimba lapho amasosha omzimba ngephutha abona amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi njengezinto zangaphandle bese ewachitha
• Ukukhubazeka kofuzo ngaphakathi kwamaseli abomvu (njenge-sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, kanye nokushoda kwe-G6PD)
• Ukuvezwa kwamanye amakhemikhali, imithi, kanye nobuthi
• Izifo
• Amahlule egazi emithanjeni yegazi emincane
• Ukufakwa kwegazi okuvela kumnikeli ngohlobo lwegazi olungafani nolwakho

Ungahle ungabi nazimpawu uma i-anemia imnene. Uma inkinga ikhula kancane, izimpawu zokuqala zingaba:

• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka noma ukhathele kaningi kunokujwayelekile, noma ngokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Imizwa yokuthi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngamandla noma iyagijima
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Izinkinga ukugxila noma ukucabanga

Uma i-anemia iba yimbi, izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ikhanda elikhanyayo lapho usukuma
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ulimi olubuhlungu
• Ubende obukhulisiwe

Uhlolo olubizwa ngokuthi yi-blood count ephelele (i-CBC) lungasiza ukuxilonga i-anemia futhi lunikeze izinkomba ezithile kuhlobo nembangela yenkinga. Izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-CBC zifaka isibalo segazi elibomvu (RBC), i-hemoglobin, ne-hematocrit (HCT).

Lezi zivivinyo zingakhomba uhlobo lwe-hemolytic anemia:

• Isibalo se-reticulocyte ngokuphelele
• Coombs test, eqondile futhi engaqondile
• Ukuhlolwa kukaDonath-Landsteiner
• Ama-agglutinins abandayo
• I-hemoglobin yamahhala ku-serum noma emchameni
• I-Hemosiderin emchameni
• Ukubalwa kweplatelet
• Amaprotheni electrophoresis - serum
• Pyruvate kinase
• Amazinga we-serum haptoglobin
• ISerum LDH
• Izinga leCarboxyhemoglobin
  

Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni nasembangela ye-hemolytic anemia:

• Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, kungadingeka ukumpontshelwa igazi.
• Ngezimbangela zomzimba, kungasetshenziswa imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba.
• Lapho amaseli egazi ecekelwa phansi ngejubane, umzimba ungadinga i-folic acid eyengeziwe nezengezo zensimbi ukubuyisela okulahlekile.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukukhipha ubende. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubende lusebenza njengesihlungi esisusa amaseli angajwayelekile egazini.

Umphumela uncike ohlotsheni nasembangela ye-hemolytic anemia. I-anemia enamandla ingenza sibi kakhulu isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, noma isifo se-cerebrovascular.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma uba nezimpawu ze-hemolytic anemia.

I-anemia - i-hemolytic

• Amaseli abomvu egazi, iseli lesikela
• Amaseli abomvu egazi - amaseli amaningi amasikela
• Amaseli abomvu egazi - amangqamuzana amasikela
• Amaseli abomvu egazi - isikela nePappenheimer
• Amaseli egazi

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IGallagher PG. Ama-anemia we-hemolytic: ulwelwesi lwegazi elibomvu nokukhubazeka komzimba. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 152.

UKumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Izinhlelo ze-hematopoietic ne-lymphoid. Ku: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, ama-eds. I-Robbins Basic Pathology. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 12.