I-pneumococcal meningitis

I-Meningitis ukutheleleka kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Le ngubo ibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges.

Amagciwane ayilohlobo olulodwa lwegciwane elingadala i-meningitis. Ama-bacterium e-pneumococcal angolunye uhlobo lwama-bacteria abangela i-meningitis.

I-pneumococcal meningitis ibangelwa I-Streptococcus pneumoniae amabhaktheriya (abizwa nangokuthi i-pneumococcus, noma S pneumoniae). Lolu hlobo lwama-bacteria luyimbangela evame kakhulu ye-bacterial meningitis kubantu abadala. Yimbangela yesibili ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-meningitis ezinganeni ezineminyaka yobudala engaphezulu kweminyaka emibili.

Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Isifo sikashukela
• Umlando we-meningitis
• Ukutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo nge S pneumoniae
• Ukulimala noma ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda
• I-meningitis lapho kuvuza khona uketshezi lomgogodla
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe kwakamuva nge S pneumoniae
• I-pneumonia yakamuva ne S pneumoniae
• Ukutheleleka okuphefumula okuphezulu kwakamuva
• Ukususwa kobende noma ubende olungasebenzi

Izimpawu zivame ukufika ngokushesha, futhi zingafaka:

• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Izimo zengqondo ziyashintsha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Intamo eqinile

Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka ngalesi sifo:

• Ukuyaluza
• Ama-fontanelles aqhamukayo ezinganeni
• Ukwehla kokuqonda
• Ukungondli kahle noma ukucasuka ezinganeni
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Ukuma okungavamile, nekhanda nentamo kuguqulwe emuva (opisthotonos)

I-pneumococcal meningitis iyimbangela ebalulekile yomkhuhlane ezinganeni.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Imibuzo izogxila kwizimpawu nokuvezwa okungenzeka kothile ongase abe nezimpawu ezifanayo, ezifana nentamo eqinile nomkhuhlane.

Uma umhlinzeki ecabanga ukuthi i-meningitis kungenzeka, ukubhoboza i-lumbar (umpompi womgogodla) kungenzeka kwenziwe. Lokhu ukuthola isampula loketshezi lomgogodla ukuze kuhlolwe.

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• Isiko legazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yekhanda
• Ibala le-Gram, amanye amabala akhethekile

Ama-antibiotic azoqalwa ngokushesha okukhulu. ICeftriaxone ingenye yama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu.

Uma i-antibiotic ingasebenzi futhi umhlinzeki esola ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, kusetshenziswa i-vancomycin noma i-rifampin. Kwesinye isikhathi, kusetshenziswa ama-corticosteroids, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

I-Meningitis yisifo esiyingozi futhi singabulala. Lapho ilashwa ngokushesha, maningi amathuba okuba ilulame. Izingane ezincane nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 banengozi enkulu yokufa.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zingafaka:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi phakathi kogebhezi nobuchopho (ukungcola komhlaba)
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi okuholela ekuvuvukeni kobuchopho (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Ukuquleka

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma usola i-meningitis enganeni encane enezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Izinkinga zokondla
• Ukukhala okuphezulu
• Ukuthukuthela
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo ongachazeki

I-meningitis ngokushesha ingaba isifo esongela impilo.

Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwe-pneumonia kanye nokutheleleka kwezindlebe okubangelwa i-pneumococcus kunganciphisa ubungozi be-meningitis. Kukhona nemithi yokugoma emibili esebenzayo ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcus.

Laba bantu abalandelayo kufanele bagonywe, ngokusho kwezincomo zamanje:

• Izingane
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
• Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka nge-pneumococcus

I-pneumococcal meningitis; I-pneumococcus - meningitis

• Umzimba we-pneumococci
• I-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal
• Amamenyu wobuchopho
• Ukubalwa kwamaseli e-CSF

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. I-meningitis yebhaktheriya. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 6, 2019. Kufinyelelwe kuDisemba 1, 2020.

UHasbun R, uVan de Beek D, uBrouwer MC, uTunkel AR. I-meningitis enamandla. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 87.

URamirez KA, uPeter TR. I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (i-pneumococcus). Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 209.