I-Tardive dyskinesia

I-Tardive dyskinesia (TD) ukuphazamiseka okubandakanya ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi. I-Tardive isho ukubambezeleka kanti i-dyskinesia isho ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile.

I-TD ingumphumela obucayi owenzeka lapho uthatha imithi ebizwa nge-neuroleptics. Le mithi ibizwa nangokuthi ama-antipsychotic noma ama-tranquilizers amakhulu. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zengqondo.

I-TD ivame ukuvela lapho uthatha umuthi izinyanga eziningi noma iminyaka. Kwezinye izimo, kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthi uwathathe amasonto ayisithupha.

Imithi evame ukudala lesi sifo ngama-antipsychotic amadala, kufaka phakathi:

• I-chlorpromazine
• I-Fluphenazine
• I-Haloperidol
• I-Perphenazine
• I-Prochlorperazine
• I-Thioridazine
• I-Trifluoperazine

Ama-antipsychotic amasha abonakala mancane amathuba okudala i-TD, kepha awanabo ubungozi ngokuphelele.

Ezinye izidakamizwa ezingadala i-TD zifaka:

• I-Metoclopramide (ilapha inkinga yesisu ebizwa nge-gastroparesis)
• Imithi elwa nokudangala njenge-amitriptyline, i-fluoxetine, i-phenelzine, i-sertraline, i-trazodone
• Imithi ye-Anti-Parkinson efana nelevodopa
• Imithi yokwelapha njenge-phenobarbital ne-phenytoin

Izimpawu ze-TD zifaka ukunyakaza okungalawuleki kobuso nomzimba njenge:

• Ukuncipha kobuso (okubandakanya imisipha yobuso ephansi)
• Ukunyakaza kweminwe (ukunyakaza kwepiyano)
• Ukuzamazama noma ukuphonswa kwesikhumba (i-gait-like gait)
• Kudla imihlathi
• Ukuhlafuna okuphindaphindwayo
• Isibani esisheshayo sicwayiza
• Kufaka ulimi
• Ukungahlaliseki

Lapho kutholakala i-TD, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kungenzeka ukuthi umise umuthi kancane noma ushintshele komunye.

Uma i-TD imnene noma ilinganisiwe, imithi ehlukahlukene ingase izanywe. Umuthi odambisa i-dopamine, i-tetrabenazine ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu kwe-TD. Umhlinzeki wakho angakutshela okuningi ngalokhu.

Uma i-TD inzima kakhulu, inqubo ebizwa nge-deep brain stimulation DBS ingase izanywe. I-DBS isebenzisa umshini obizwa nge-neurostimulator ukuletha amasiginali kagesi ezindaweni zobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza.

Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, i-TD ingahle iguqulwe ngokumisa umuthi obangele izimpawu. Noma umuthi umisiwe, ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi kungahlala unomphela, futhi kwezinye izimo, kungahle kube kubi kakhulu.

TD; Isifo seTardive; I-dyskinesia ye-Orofacial; Ukunyakaza okungazinikeli - i-tardive dyskinesia; Izidakamizwa ze-antipsychotic - i-tardive dyskinesia; Izidakamizwa ze-Neuroleptic - i-tardive dyskinesia; ISchizophrenia - i-tardive dyskinesia

• Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezayo

U-Aronson JK. Izidakamizwa ze-Neuroleptic. Ku: Aronson JK, ed. Imiphumela emibi kaMeyler yezidakamizwa. Umhla ka-16. I-Waltham, MA: I-Elsevier BV ;; 2016: 53-119.

UFreudenreich O, Flaherty AW. Iziguli ezinokunyakaza okungavamile. Ku: Stern TA, Freudenreich O, Smith FA, Fricchione GL, Rosenbaum JF, abahleli. IMassachusetts General Hospital Handbook yeGeneral Hospital Psychiatry. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 21.

UFreudenreich O, uGoff DC, uHenderson DC. Izidakamizwa ze-antipsychotic. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ama-eds. IMassachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 42.

Okun MS, Lang AE. Ezinye izinkinga zokuhamba. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 382.