Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kwe-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kwe-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungakutshela ukuthi ngabe unengozi enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza. Igama elithi BRCA livela ezinhlamvwini ezimbili zokuqala ze- brempumalanga cancer.

I-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 yizakhi zofuzo ezicindezela izicubu eziyingozi (umdlavuza) kubantu. Lapho lezi zofuzo zishintsha (ziguquka) azicindezeli izicubu ngendlela obekufanele zenze ngayo. Ngakho-ke abantu abane-BRCA1 kanye ne-BRCA2 ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo basengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza.

Abesifazane abanalokhu kuguquka basengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza webele noma umdlavuza we-ovari. Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungakhuphula nengozi yowesifazane yokuthuthukisa:

• Umdlavuza wesibeletho
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho
• Umdlavuza wamakholoni
• Umdlavuza wepancreatic
• Umdlavuza we-gallbladder noma umdlavuza we-bile duct
• Umdlavuza wesisu
• I-Melanoma

Abesilisa abanalokhu kuguquka kungenzeka ukuthi bathole umdlavuza. Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungakhuphula ubungozi bendoda bokuthuthuka:

• Umdlavuza webele
• Umdlavuza wepancreatic
• Umdlavuza wamasende
• Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye

Cishe ama-5% omdlavuza webele kanye no-10 kuya ku-15% womdlavuza wama-ovari ahlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwe-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2.

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kufanele ukhulume nomeluleki wezofuzo ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa, nobungozi nezinzuzo zokuhlolwa.

Uma unelungu lomndeni elinomdlavuza webele noma umdlavuza we-ovari, thola ukuthi ngabe lowo muntu uhlolwe yini ukuguqulwa kwe-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2. Uma lowo muntu enokuguquka, ungacabanga nokuhlolwa, futhi.

Othile emndenini wakho angaba nokuguquka kwe-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2 uma:

• Izihlobo ezimbili eziseduze noma ngaphezulu (abazali, izingane zakubo, izingane) zinomdlavuza webele ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50
• Isihlobo sowesilisa sinomdlavuza webele
• Isihlobo sowesifazane sinomdlavuza wesifuba nowesibeletho
• Izihlobo ezimbili zinomdlavuza wesibeletho
• Ungowozalo lwamaJuda aseMpumalanga Yurophu (Ashkenazi), futhi isihlobo esiseduze sinomdlavuza webele noma we-ovari

Unethuba eliphansi kakhulu lokuba nokuguquka kwe-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2 uma:

• Awunaso isihlobo esasinomdlavuza webele ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50
• Awunaso isihlobo esasinomdlavuza we-ovari
• Awunaso isihlobo esasinomdlavuza webele wesilisa

Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa, khuluma nomeluleki wezofuzo ukuze anqume ukuthi uzohlolwa yini.

• Letha nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, umlando wezempilo womndeni, nemibuzo.
• Ungahle ufune ukuletha umuntu othile azolalela futhi abhale amanothi. Kunzima ukuzwa nokukhumbula konke.

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuhlolwa, isampula yegazi lakho lithunyelwa ebhodini eligxile ekuhlolweni kwezofuzo. Leyo lab izohlola igazi lakho ekuguqulweni kwe-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2. Kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Lapho imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibuyile, umeluleki wezofuzo uzokuchazela imiphumela nokuthi isho ukuthini kuwe.

Umphumela wokuhlolwa okusho ukuthi uzuze njengefa i-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2.

• Lokhu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza, noma ngisho nokuthi uzothola umdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza.
• Lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi ubungakwazi noma ngabe ubudlulisele lokhu kuguqulwa ezinganeni zakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma unengane kunethuba elilodwa koku-2 ingane yakho ezothola ukuguquka onakho.

Uma wazi ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza, unganquma ukuthi kukhona yini ozokwenza ngokuhlukile.

• Ungahle uthande ukuhlolwa umdlavuza kaningi, ngakho-ke ungabanjwa kusenesikhathi bese welashwa.
• Kungenzeka kube nomuthi ongawuthatha onganciphisa amathuba okuthola umdlavuza.
• Ungase ukhethe ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe amabele noma ama-ovari akho.

Azikho kulezi zixwayiso ezokuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza.

Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwezinguquko ze-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 ingeyinhle, umeluleki wezofuzo uzokutshela ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu. Umlando wakho womndeni uzosiza umeluleki wezofuzo ukuthi aqonde imiphumela yokuhlolwa engemihle.

Umphumela wokuhlolwa ongemuhle akusho ukuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza. Kungasho ukuthi nawe unengozi efanayo yokuthola umdlavuza njengabantu abangenalo lolu shintsho.

Qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngayo yonke imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho, noma imiphumela emibi, nomeluleki wakho wezofuzo.

Umdlavuza webele - i-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2; Umdlavuza we-Ovarian - i-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2

I-Moyer VA; I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolwa kobungozi, ukwelulekwa ngezakhi zofuzo, kanye nokuhlolwa kofuzo komdlavuza ohlobene ne-BRCA kwabesifazane: Isitatimende sezincomo se-U.S. U-Ann Intern Med. 2014; 160 (4): 271-281. I-PMID: 24366376 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24366376.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuguqulwa kwe-BRCA: ingozi yomdlavuza nokuhlolwa kofuzo. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 30, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 5, 2019.

UNussbaum RL, McInnes RR, uWillard HF. I-Cancer genetics kanye ne-genomics. Ku: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, ama-eds. Thompson noThompson Genetics kwezokwelapha. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 15.

• Umdlavuza Webele
• Ukuhlolwa Kofuzo
• Umdlavuza we-Ovarian