I-COPD nezinye izinkinga zempilo

Uma unesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD), kungenzeka ukuthi unezinye izinkinga zezempilo, futhi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-comorbidities. Abantu abane-COPD bavame ukuba nezinkinga zempilo eziningi kunabantu abangenayo i-COPD.

Ukuba nezinye izinkinga zempilo kungathinta izimpawu zakho nokwelashwa kwakho. Ungadinga ukuvakashela udokotela wakho kaningi. Ungadinga futhi ukuthi ube nokuhlolwa okuningi noma ukwelashwa.

Ukuba ne-COPD kuningi ongakuphatha. Kepha zama ukuhlala unombono oqondile. Ungavikela impilo yakho ngokuqonda ukuthi kungani usengozini yezimo ezithile futhi ufunde ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani.

Uma une-COPD, kungenzeka ukuthi ube:

• Phinda ukutheleleka, njenge-pneumonia. I-COPD yandisa ingozi yakho yezinkinga ezivela emikhuhlane nasemkhuhlane. Kwandisa ingozi yakho yokudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yokutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emaphashini. I-COPD ingadala umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni eletha igazi emaphashini akho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu.
• Isifo senhliziyo. I-COPD ikhulisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, namahlule egazi.
• Isifo sikashukela. Ukuba ne-COPD kwandisa le ngozi. Futhi, eminye imithi ye-COPD ingadala ushukela wegazi ophezulu.
• I-osteoporosis (amathambo abuthakathaka). Abantu abane-COPD bavame ukuba namazinga aphansi kavithamini D, abangasebenzi, futhi bayabhema. Lezi zinto zandisa ubungozi bokulahleka kwethambo namathambo abuthakathaka. Imithi ethile ye-COPD nayo ingadala ukulahleka kwethambo.
• Ukudangala nokukhathazeka. Kuvamile ukuthi abantu abane-COPD bazizwe becindezelekile noma bekhathazekile. Ukuphefumula kungadala ukukhathazeka. Futhi, ukuba nezimpawu kukubambezela ukuze ungakwazi ukwenza okuningi njengoba ubuvame ukwenza.
• Isilungulela nesifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD.) I-GERD nesilungulela kungaholela kwizimpawu eziningi ze-COPD nokuqhuma.
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuqhubeka nokubhema kwandisa le ngozi.

Izici eziningi zidlala indima yokuthi kungani abantu abane-COPD bevame ukuba nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ukubhema kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu. Ukubhema kuyingcuphe yezinkinga eziningi ezingenhla.

• I-COPD ivame ukukhula eminyakeni yobudala obuphakathi. Futhi abantu bavame ukuba nezinkinga eziningi zempilo njengoba bekhula.
• I-COPD yenza kube nzima ukuphefumula, okungenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele. Ukungasebenzi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni amathambo nemisipha futhi kwandise ubungozi bakho kwezinye izinkinga zempilo.
• Imithi ethile ye-COPD ingakhuphula ubungozi bakho kwezinye izimo njengokulahleka kwethambo, izimo zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Sebenza eduze nodokotela wakho ukugcina i-COPD nezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha zilawulwa. Ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo kungasiza futhi ekuvikeleni impilo yakho:

• Thatha imithi nokwelashwa njengoba kuqondisiwe.
• Uma ubhema, yeka. Futhi gwema intuthu kagwayi. Ukugwema intuthu kuyindlela engcono yokunciphisa umonakalo emaphashini akho. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema nezinye izinketho, njenge-nicotine therapy yokwelashwa nemithi yokuyeka ugwayi.
• Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngezingozi nemiphumela engemihle yemithi yakho. Kungase kube nezinketho ezingcono ezingatholakala noma izinto ongazenza ukunciphisa noma ukulungisa umonakalo. Tshela udokotela wakho uma ubona noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.
• Yiba nomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke kanye nomuthi wokugoma we-pneumonia (pneumococcal bacteria) ukusiza ukuvikela izifo. Geza izandla zakho njalo. Hlala kude nabantu abanemikhuhlane noma ezinye izifo.
• Hlala usebenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Zama ukuhamba okufishane nokuqeqeshwa kwesisindo esincane. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuzivocavoca umzimba.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okunothe ngama-protein, inhlanzi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, izithelo nemifino. Ukudla izidlo ezimbalwa ezincane ezinempilo ngosuku kungakunika izakhamzimba ozidingayo ngaphandle kokuzizwa uvimbekile. Isisu esigcwele ngokweqile singenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uzizwa udabukile, ungenalusizo, noma ukhathazekile. Kunezinhlelo, izindlela zokwelashwa, nemithi engakusiza uzizwe unethemba futhi unethemba futhi wehlise izimpawu zakho zokukhathazeka noma zokudangala.

Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisana nawe ukukusiza uhlale uphilile futhi usebenza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho lapho:

• Unezimpawu noma izimpawu ezintsha ezikukhathazayo.
• Unenkinga yokuphatha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yezimo zakho zempilo.
• Unokukhathazeka ngezinkinga zakho zempilo nokwelashwa.
• Uzizwa ungenathemba, udabukile, noma ukhathazekile.
• Uyaqaphela imiphumela emibi yomuthi ekuhluphayo.

Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease - ama-comorbidities; I-COPD - ama-comorbidities

UCelli BR, uZuwallack RL. Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 105.

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) iwebhusayithi. Isu lomhlaba jikelele lokuxilongwa, ukuphathwa, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezifo zamaphaphu ezingapheli: umbiko we-2019. goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 22, 2019.

UHan MK, uLazaru SC. I-COPD: ukuxilongwa komtholampilo nokuphathwa. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 44.

• I-COPD