Amaphethini wokondla nokudla - izingane izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili

Ukudla okufanele iminyaka:

• Inika ingane yakho umsoco ofanele
• Silungile isimo sentuthuko yengane yakho
• Kungasiza ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala kwengane

6 to 8 IZINYANGA

Kule minyaka, ingane yakho cishe izodla cishe ama-4 kuye kwayi-6 ngosuku, kepha izodla kakhulu ekudleni ngakunye kunezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala.

• Uma wondla ifomula, ingane yakho izodla cishe ama-ounces ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili (180 kuya ku-240 milliliters) ngokudla ngakunye, kepha akufanele ibe nama-ounces angaphezu kwama-32 (950 milliliters) ngamahora angama-24.
• Ungaqala ukwethula ukudla okuqinile lapho unezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Iningi lama-calories engane yakho kusamele aqhamuke ebisini lwebele noma kwifomula.
• Ubisi lwebele aluwona umthombo omuhle wensimbi. Ngakho-ke ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ingane yakho izoqala ukudinga insimbi eyengeziwe. Qala ukuphakelwa okuqinile nge-cereal yengane ene-ayoni ene-iron exutshwe nobisi lwebele noma ifomula. Hlanganisa nobisi olwanele ukuze ukuthungwa kube mncane kakhulu. Qala ngokunikela ngokusanhlamvu izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku, ngezipuni ezimbalwa nje.
• Ungenza ingxube ibe nkulu njengoba ingane yakho ifunda ukuyilawula emlonyeni wabo.
• Ungaletha futhi inyama e-iron-pureed pureed, izithelo nemifino. Zama uphizi oluhlaza, izaqathe, ubhatata, isikwashi, i-appleauce, amapheya, ubhanana kanye namapentshisi.
• Abanye odla ukudla batusa ukwethula imifino embalwa ngaphambi kwezithelo. Ubumnandi bezithelo bungenza imifino ingathandeki kangako.
• Inani elidliwa ingane yakho lizohluka phakathi kwezipuni ezimbili (30 amagremu) nezinkomishi ezi-2 (480 amagremu) wezithelo nemifino ngosuku. Ukuthi ingane yakho idla kangakanani kuya ngosayizi wazo nokuthi zidla kahle kangakanani izithelo nemifino.

Kunezindlela eziningana ongatshela ngazo ukuthi ingane yakho isilungele ukudla ukudla okuqinile:

• Isisindo sokuzalwa sengane yakho siphindwe kabili.
• Ingane yakho ingalawula ukunyakaza kwayo kwekhanda nentamo.
• Ingane yakho ingahlala ngokuxhaswa okuthile.
• Ingane yakho ingakubonisa ukuthi igcwele ngokususa ikhanda noma ngokungavuli umlomo.
• Ingane yakho iqala ukukhombisa intshisekelo ekudleni lapho abanye bedla.

Kufanele wazi futhi:

• Ungalokothi unikeze uju enganeni yakho. Ingaqukatha amagciwane angadala i-botulism, isifo esingajwayelekile, kodwa esibi.
• Ungayiniki ingane yakho ubisi lwenkomo kuze kube yilapho inonyaka owodwa ubudala. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-1 zinenkinga enzima yokugaya ubisi lwenkomo.
• Ungalokothi ulalise ingane yakho ngebhodlela. Lokhu kungadala ukubola kwamazinyo. Uma ingane yakho ifuna ukuncela, yinike i-pacifier.
• Sebenzisa isipuni esincane lapho uncelisa ingane yakho.
• Kuhle ukuqala ukunikeza ingane yakho amanzi phakathi kokuphakelwa.
• Unganikezi okusanhlamvu kwengane yakho ebhodleleni ngaphandle uma udokotela wezingane noma udokotela wezokudla eyincoma, isibonelo, nge-reflux.
• Nikeza ingane yakho ukudla okusha kuphela lapho ilambile.
• Yethula ukudla okusha ngakunye, ulinde izinsuku ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3 phakathi. Ngaleyo ndlela ungabheka ukusabela okweqile. Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zihlanganisa isifo sohudo, ukuqubuka noma ukuhlanza.
• Gwema ukudla okunosawoti noma ushukela ongeziwe.
• Yondla ingane yakho ngqo kusuka embizeni kuphela uma usebenzisa konke okuqukethwe embizeni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sebenzisa isidlo ukuvikela ukugula okubangelwa ukudla.
• Iziqukathi ezivuliwe zokudla kwengane kufanele zimbozwe futhi zigcinwe esiqandisini isikhathi esingeqile ezinsukwini ezimbili.

IZINYANGA EZI-8 kuye kwezingu-12 ZOBUDALA

Kule minyaka, unganikela ngokudla komunwe ngamanani amancane. Ingane yakho mhlawumbe izokwazisa ukuthi ikulungele ukuqala ukuzondla ngokubamba ukudla noma isipuni ngesandla sayo.

Ukudla okuhle kweminwe kufaka:

• Imifino ephekiwe ethambile
• Izithelo ezigeziwe nezihlutshiwe
• Abaqaphi bakaGraham
• Isinkwa seMelba
• Ama-noodle

Ungase futhi wethule ukudla okuthambile, njenge:

• Imichilo yamathosi
• Abaqhekezi nabangakaqediwe
• Amabhisikidi okuthambisa

Qhubeka nokunikeza ingane yakho ubisi lwebele noma ifomula izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 ngosuku kule minyaka.

Kufanele wazi futhi:

• Gwema ukudla okungadala ukuklinya, njengama-apula noma izingcezu, amagilebhisi, amajikijolo, omisiwe, okusanhlamvu okwomile, izinja ezishisayo, amasoseji, ibhotela lamantongomane, upholi, amantongomane, imbewu, amaswidi nxazonke nemifino eluhlaza.
• Unganikeza ingane yakho izikhupha zamaqanda amahlandla ama-3 kuye kwayi-4 ngesonto. Ezinye izingane ziyazwela kumaqanda amhlophe. Ngakho-ke ungabanikeli kuze kube ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engu-1.
• Unganikela ngamanani amancane eshizi, i-cottage shizi, ne-yogurt, kodwa alukho ubisi lwenkomo.
• Ngeminyaka engu-1, izingane eziningi zisuke zingasekho ebhodleleni. Uma ingane yakho isasebenzisa ibhodlela, kufanele ibe namanzi kuphela.

UNYAKA O-1 WOBUDALA

• Kule minyaka, unganikeza ingane yakho ubisi lonke esikhundleni sobisi lwebele noma ifomula.
• Omama abaningi e-United States balumula izingane zabo ngalesi sikhathi. Kepha kuhle futhi ukuqhubeka unesi uma wena nengane yakho nifuna.
• Unganiki ingane yakho ubisi olunamafutha aphansi (2%, 1%, noma skim) kuze kube ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engu-2. Ingane yakho idinga amakhalori athe xaxa emafutheni ukuze ikhule futhi ikhule.
• Kule minyaka, ingane yakho izothola iningi lokudla okunomsoco kusuka kumaprotheni, izithelo nemifino, izinkwa nezinhlamvu, kanye nobisi. Ungaqiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola wonke amavithamini namaminerali ayidingayo ngokunikela ngokudla okuhlukahlukene.
• Ingane yakho izoqala ukukhasa nokuhamba futhi isebenze kakhulu. Bazodla amanani amancane ngasikhathi, kepha bazodla kaningi (izikhathi ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-6 ngosuku). Ukuba nokudla okulula esandleni kuwumqondo omuhle.
• Kulesi sikhathi, ukukhula kwabo kuhamba kancane. Ngeke ziphindwe kabili ngosayizi njengoba zenzile lapho ziseyinsana.

Kufanele wazi futhi:

• Uma ingane yakho ingakuthandi ukudla okusha, zama ukukunikeza futhi emuva kwesikhathi. Imvamisa kuthatha imizamo eminingana yokuthi izingane ziyise ekudleni okusha.
• Unganiki ingane yakho amaswidi noma iziphuzo ezinoshukela. Bangalimaza ukudla kwabo futhi babangele ukubola kwamazinyo.
• Gwema usawoti, izinongo ezinamandla nemikhiqizo ye-caffeine, kufaka phakathi iziphuzo ezibandayo, ikhofi, itiye noshokoledi.
• Uma ingane yakho ifutheka, ingadinga ukunakwa, kunokudla.

IMINYAKA EMIBILI yobudala

• Ngemuva kokuthi ingane yakho iba neminyaka engu-2, ukudla kwengane yakho kufanele kube namafutha aphansi ngokulingene. Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi kungadala isifo senhliziyo, ukukhuluphala, nezinye izinkinga zempilo kamuva empilweni.
• Ingane yakho kufanele idle izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla kusuka eqenjini ngalinye lokudla: izinkwa nezinhlamvu, amaprotheni, izithelo nemifino, nobisi.
• Uma amanzi akho engafakwanga fluorid, kuwumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa umuthi wokuxubha noma wokugeza umlomo nge-fluoride eyengeziwe.

Zonke izingane zidinga i-calcium eningi ukuxhasa amathambo azo akhulayo. Kepha akuzona zonke izingane ezithola zanele. Imithombo emihle ye-calcium ifaka:

• Ubisi olunamafutha amancane noma olungenawo amafutha, iyogathi noshizi
• Imifino ephekiwe
• I-salmon ekheniwe (enamathambo)

Uma ukudla kwengane yakho kulinganisiwe futhi kunempilo, akufanele kudingeke ukwengeza ivithamini. Ezinye izingane zithanda ukudla, kepha imvamisa zisathola zonke izakhamzimba ezizidingayo. Uma ukhathazekile, buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho idinga i-multivitamin yezingane.

Shayela umhlinzeki uma ukhathazekile ngengane yakho:

• Akudli ngokwanele
• Ingabe udla kakhulu
• Ingabe ukuthola isisindo esiningi kakhulu noma esincane kakhulu
• Inokungazwani kokudla

Ukondla izingane izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili; Ukudla - iminyaka efanele - izingane izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili; Izingane - zondla ukudla okuqinile

I-American Academy of Pediatrics, Isigaba Sokubeletha; UJohnston M, Landers S, Noble L, Szucs K, Viehmann L. Ukuncelisa ibele nokusetshenziswa kobisi lomuntu. Izifo zezingane. 2012; 129 (3): e827-e841. I-PMID: 22371471 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22371471.

Iwebhusayithi yaseAmerican Academy of Pediatrics. Izisekelo zokuphakelwa kwamabhodlela. www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Bottle-Feeding-How-Its-Done.aspx. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 21, 2012. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 23, 2019.

Amapaki EP, uShaikhkhalil A, uSainath NN, uMitchell JA, uBrownell JN, uStallings VA. Ukondla izingane ezinempilo, izingane kanye nentsha. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 56.

• Ukudla Kwezinsana Nezinsana
• Umsoco Wezingane