Ukuqonda ingozi yomdlavuza webele

Izici zomdlavuza webele yizinto ezandisa amathuba okuthi ungathola umdlavuza. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ongazilawula, njengokuphuza utshwala. Eminye, njengomlando womndeni, awukwazi ukuyilawula.

Lapho unezinto eziyingozi kakhulu, ingozi yakho iyanda. Kodwa-ke, akusho ukuthi uzowuthola umdlavuza. Abesifazane abaningi abathola umdlavuza webele abanazo izinto eziyingozi ezaziwayo noma umlando womndeni.

Ukuqonda izici zakho zobungozi kungakunika isithombe esingcono salokho ongakwenza ukusiza ukuvimbela umdlavuza webele.

Izici zobungozi ongeke ukwazi ukuzilawula zifaka:

• Ubudala. Ingozi yakho yomdlavuza webele inyuka njengoba ukhula. Iningi lomdlavuza litholakala kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu.
• Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Izinguquko zofuzo ezixhunyaniswe nomdlavuza webele, njenge-BRCA1, i-BRCA2, nezinye zandisa ubungozi bakho. Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kubanga cishe i-10% yazo zonke izimo zomdlavuza webele.
• Izicubu zamabele eziminyene. Ukuba nezicubu zamabele eziminyene kakhulu nezicubu zesifuba esinamafutha amancane kwandisa ubungozi. Futhi, izicubu zamabele eziminyene zingenza kube nzima ukubona izicubu ku-mammography.
• Ukuvezwa kwemisebe. Ukwelashwa okubandakanya ukwelashwa ngemisebe odongeni lwesifuba njengengane kungandisa ubungozi bakho.
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza webele. Uma umama wakho, udadewenu, noma indodakazi yakho kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza webele, usengozini enkulu.
• Umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza webele. Uma uke waba nomdlavuza webele, usengozini yokuba nomdlavuza webele ubuye.
• Umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza we-ovari.
• Amaseli angajwayelekile atholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba. Uma izicubu zakho zamabele zihlolwe ebhodini futhi zinezici ezingajwayelekile (kepha hhayi umdlavuza), ingozi yakho iphakeme.
• Umlando wokuzala nowokuya esikhathini. Ukuthola isikhathi sakho ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-12, ukuqala ukuya esikhathini ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-55, ukukhulelwa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, noma ukungakhulelwa konke kukhulisa ubungozi bakho.
• I-DES (Diethylstilbestrol). Lesi kwakuyisidakamizwa esanikezwa abesifazane abakhulelwe phakathi kuka-1940 no-1971. Abesifazane abathatha i-DES ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuvikela ukuphuphunyelwa yisisu babenobungozi obungaphezudlwana.Abesifazane abadalulwe kumuthi esibelethweni nabo babenobungozi obuncane.

Izici zobungozi ongazilawula zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe endaweni yesifuba ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-30 kwandisa ubungozi bakho.
• Ukuphuza utshwala. Lapho uphuza kakhulu utshwala, iba nkulu ingozi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-ukwelashwa kwamahomoni. Ukuthatha i-estrogen ne-progestin ndawonye ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini iminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphezulu kwandisa ingozi yakho. Akucaci ukuthi, noma kangakanani, ukuthatha amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha aqukethe i-estrogen kwandisa ubungozi bakho.
• Isisindo. Abesifazane abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma abakhuluphele ngemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini banobungozi obukhulu kunabesifazane abanesisindo esinempilo.
• Ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba. Abesifazane abangajimi njalo impilo yonke bangaba nengozi eyengeziwe.

Ukuthi unezici zobungozi ongeke ukwazi ukuzilawula akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokwehlisa ubungozi bakho. Qala ngokwenza izinguquko ezithile zendlela yokuphila futhi usebenze nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okungenani amahora amane ngesonto.
• Gwema utshwala, noma ungaphuzi utshwala obungaphezu koyedwa ngosuku.
• Uma kunokwenzeka, nciphisa noma unciphise imisebe ekuhlolweni kwe-imaging, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuthomba.
• Ukuncelisa, uma kungenzeka, kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho.
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngezingozi nezinzuzo ngaphambi kokuthatha ukwelashwa ngama-hormone. Ungahle uthande ukugwema ukuthatha i-estrogen ihlanganiswe ne-progesterone noma i-progestin.
• Uma unomlando womndeni womdlavuza webele, cela umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kofuzo.
• Uma usuneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-35, futhi unengozi enkulu yomdlavuza webele, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngemithi yokwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele ngokuvimba noma ukunciphisa ama-estrogen emzimbeni. Kubandakanya i-tamoxifen, i-raloxifene, ne-aromatase inhibitors.
• Uma usengozini enkulu, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuhlinzwa okuvimbela ukususa izicubu zamabele (mastectomy). Kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho ngokufika kuma-90%.
• Cabanga ngokuhlinzwa ukuze ususe amaqanda akho. Izokwehlisa i-estrogen emzimbeni futhi inganciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele ngo-50%.

Ezinye izindawo azaziwa noma azikakaqinisekiswa. Izifundo zibheka izinto ezinjengokubhema, ukudla, amakhemikhali nezinhlobo zamaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha njengezinto ezingaba yingozi. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho uma unentshisekelo yokujoyina isilingo somtholampilo sokuvikela umdlavuza webele.

Kufanele ushayele umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngengozi yakho yomdlavuza webele.
• Unentshisekelo ekuhlolweni kofuzo, emithini yokuvikela, noma ekwelashweni.
• Ungenzela i-mammogram.

I-Carcinoma-lobular - ingozi; I-DCIS; I-LCIS - ingozi; I-Ductal carcinoma in situ - ingozi; Lobular carcinoma in situ - engozini; Umdlavuza webele - ukuvimbela; I-BRCA - ingozi yomdlavuza webele

UHenry NL, Shah PD, Haider I, Freer PE, Jagsi R, Sabel MS. Umdlavuza webele. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 88.

I-Moyer VA; I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolwa kobungozi, ukwelulekwa ngezakhi zofuzo, kanye nokuhlolwa kofuzo komdlavuza ohlobene ne-BRCA kwabesifazane: Isitatimende sezincomo se-U.S. U-Ann Intern Med. 2014; 160 (4): 271-281. I-PMID: 24366376 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24366376/.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuvimbela umdlavuza webele (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-prevention-pdq. Kubuyekezwe u-Ephreli 29, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 24, 2020.

Siu AL; I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele: Isitatimende sezincomo se-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. U-Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. I-PMID: 26757170 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.

• Umdlavuza Webele