I-fetal alcohol syndrome

I-Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) ukukhula, izingqondo, nezinkinga zomzimba ezingaba khona enganeni lapho umama ephuza utshwala ngesikhathi ekhulelwe.

Ukusebenzisa utshwala ngesikhathi ukhulelwe kungadala izingozi ezifanayo nokusebenzisa utshwala ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa kubeka izingozi ezengeziwe enganeni engakazalwa. Lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ephuza utshwala, budlula kalula i-placenta iye embungwini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphuza utshwala kungalimaza ingane engakazalwa.

Alikho izinga "eliphephile" lokusetshenziswa kotshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Inani elincane lotshwala libonakala likhulisa izinkinga. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kuyingozi kunokuphuza amanani amancane otshwala.

Isikhathi sokuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nakho kubalulekile. Ukuphuza utshwala kungenzeka kube yingozi kakhulu ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Kodwa ukuphuza utshwala noma nini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaba yingozi.

Ingane ene-FAS ingaba nezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhula kabi ngenkathi ingane isesiswini nangemva kokuzalwa
• Ukwehla kwethoni yemisipha nokuxhumana okungahambi kahle
• Imikhakha yentuthuko ebambezelekile
• Ubunzima bokubuka, njengokubona eduze (myopia)
• Ukungasebenzi kahle
• Ukukhathazeka
• Uvalo olwedlulele
• Isikhathi esifushane sokunaka

Ukuhlolwa kwengane ngokomzimba kungakhombisa ukububula kwenhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo. Isici esivamile imbobo odongeni ehlukanisa amakamelo angakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele enhliziyo.

Kungabuye kube nezinkinga ngobuso namathambo. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Amehlo amancane futhi amancane
• Ikhanda elincane nomhlathi ongaphezulu
• I-groove ebushelelezi endebeni engenhla, udebe oluphezulu olubushelelezi noluncanyana
• Izindlebe ezikhubazekile
• Ifulethi elifushane, elifushane nelibuyiselwe phezulu
• I-Ptosis (ukulengiswa kwamajwabu amehlo aphezulu)

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka:

• Izinga lotshwala egazini kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abakhombisa izimpawu zokudakwa (ukudakwa)
• Izifundo ze-Brain imaging (CT noma i-MRI) ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane
• I-ultrasound yokukhulelwa

Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abazama ukukhulelwa akufanele baphuze noma yiliphi inani lotshwala. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala kufanele bajoyine uhlelo lokuvuselela futhi bahlolwe eduze ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo phakathi nokukhulelwa.

Umphumela wezinsana ezine-FAS uyahluka. Cishe azikho kulezi zingane ezinokukhula kwengqondo okuvamile.

Izinsana nezingane ezine-FAS zinezinkinga eziningi ezahlukahlukene, okungaba nzima ukuzilawula. Izingane zenza kahle kakhulu uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi zithunyelwa eqenjini labahlinzeki abangasebenza kumasu okufundisa nokuziphatha ahambelana nezidingo zengane.

Shayela isikhathi sokubonana nomhlinzeki wakho uma uphuza utshwala njalo noma kakhulu, futhi ukuthola kunzima ukusika noma ukuyeka. Futhi, shayela uma uphuza utshwala nganoma yisiphi isamba ngenkathi ukhulelwe noma uzama ukukhulelwa.

Ukugwema utshwala ngesikhathi ukhulelwe kuvimbela i-FAS. Ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo kungasiza abesifazane asebevele benengane ene-FAS.

Abesifazane abasebenza ngocansi abaphuza kakhulu kufanele basebenzise ukulawulwa kokuzalwa futhi balawule indlela abaziphatha ngayo, noma bayeke ukusebenzisa utshwala ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.

Utshwala ekukhulelweni; Izinkinga zokuzalwa ezihlobene notshwala; Imiphumela yotshwala enganeni; FAS; Izinkinga ze-fetal alcohol spectrum; Ukuphuza ngokweqile - utshwala fetus; Ukuphuza ngokweqile - utshwala bombungu

• Isundu elilodwa lesundu
• I-fetal alcohol syndrome

UHoyme HE, uKalberg WO, u-Elliott AJ, et al. Kubuyekezwe imihlahlandlela yomtholampilo yokuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwe-fetal alcohol spectrum. Izifo zezingane. 2016; 138 (2). pii: e20154256 PMID: 27464676 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27464676/.

U-Weber RJ, uJauniaux ERM. Izidakamizwa kanye nama-ejenti ezemvelo ekukhulelweni nasekubelethiseni: i-teratology, i-epidemiology, nokuphathwa kweziguli. Ku: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, ama-eds. Ama-Obstetrics kaGabbe: Ukukhulelwa Okujwayelekile Nenkinga. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 7.

I-Wozniak JR, i-Riley EP, uCharness ME. Isethulo somtholampilo, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokuphathwa kwesifo se-fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. ILancet Neurol. 2019; 18 (8): 760-770. I-PMID: 31160204 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31160204/.