I-Hepatitis A - izingane

I-Hepatitis A ezinganeni ukuvuvukala nezicubu ezivuthayo zesibindi ngenxa yegciwane le-hepatitis A (HAV). I-Hepatitis A uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-hepatitis ezinganeni.

I-HAV itholakala esitokisini (endleni) nasegazini lengane enaleli gciwane.

Ingane ingathola i-hepatitis A ngo:

• Ukuthintana negazi noma indle yomuntu onalesi sifo.
• Ukudla noma ukuphuza ukudla noma amanzi angcoliswe yigazi noma indle ene-HAV. Izithelo, imifino, izimbaza, iqhwa namanzi imithombo evamile yalesi sifo.
• Ukudla ukudla okulungiselelwe ngumuntu onesifo ongahlambi izandla ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Ukuphakanyiswa noma ukuthwalwa ngumuntu onesifo ongahlambi izandla ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Ukuhambela kwelinye izwe ungagonyelwanga i-hepatitis A.

Izingane zingathola i-hepatitis A esikhungweni sokunakekela izingane kwezinye izingane noma kubasebenzi bokunakekela izingane abanegciwane futhi abangahlanzeki.

Ezinye izifo ezivamile zokutheleleka nge-hepatitis zihlanganisa ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kanye nesifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo C. I-Hepatitis A imvamisa iyisifo esibi kakhulu nesimnene kulezi.

Iningi lezingane ezineminyaka engu-6 nangaphansi alinazo izimpawu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba nalesi sifo, futhi kungenzeka ungasazi. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukusabalalisa lesi sifo ezinganeni ezincane.

Lapho izimpawu zivela, zivela cishe emavikini amabili kuya kwayisithupha emva kokutheleleka. Ingane ingaba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, noma izimpawu zingaba mnene. I-hepatitis enamandla noma egcwele (ukwehluleka kwesibindi) ayivamile ezinganeni ezinempilo. Izimpawu zivame ukuphatha kalula futhi zifaka:

• Umchamo omnyama
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Imfiva
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Izitulo eziphaphathekile
• Ubuhlungu besisu (ngaphezu kwesibindi)
• Isikhumba esiphuzi namehlo (i-jaundice)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwengane yakho ngokomzimba. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlola ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala esibindini.

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze afune:

• Ama-antibodies akhulisiwe (amaprotheni alwa nokutheleleka) ngenxa ye-HAV
• Ama-enzyme aphakeme wesibindi ngenxa yokulimala kwesibindi noma ukuvuvukala

Ayikho imithi yokwelashwa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A. Amasosha omzimba wengane yakho azolwa negciwane. Ukuphatha izimpawu kungasiza ingane yakho izizwe ingcono ngenkathi ilulama:

• Yenza ingane yakho iphumule lapho izimpawu zimbi kakhulu.
• UNGANIKI i-acetaminophen enganeni yakho ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nomhlinzeki wengane yakho. Kungaba nobuthi ngoba isibindi sesivele sibuthakathaka.
• Nikeza ingane yakho uketshezi oluyisimo seziphuzo zezithelo noma izixazululo ze-electrolyte, njengePedialyte. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi.

Yize kungavamile, izimpawu zingaba nzima ngokwanele ukuthi izingane ezine-HAV zidinge uketshezi oluthe xaxa ngomthambo (IV).

I-HAV ayihlali emzimbeni wengane ngemuva kokutheleleka. Ngenxa yalokho, akubangeli ukutheleleka kwesikhathi eside esibindi.

Imvamisa, icala elisha lingadala ukwehluleka okukhulu kwesibindi okukhula ngokushesha.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-hepatitis A ezinganeni zingaba:

• Ukulimala kwesibindi
• Isibindi sokuqina kwesibindi

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wengane yakho uma ingane yakho inezimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A.

Futhi xhumana nomhlinzeki uma ingane yakho ine:

• Umlomo owomile ngenxa yokulahleka koketshezi
• Azikho izinyembezi ngenkathi ekhala
• Ukuvuvukala ezingalweni, ezandleni, ezinyaweni, esiswini, noma ebusweni
• Igazi ezindlini
  

Ungavikela ingane yakho ku-hepatitis A ngokugoma ingane yakho.

• Umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis A unconyelwe zonke izingane phakathi kosuku lwabo lokuqala nolwesibili (izinyanga eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-23).
• Wena nengane yakho kufanele nigonywe uma nihambela amazwe lapho kuqubuka khona lesi sifo.
• Uma ingane yakho ivezwe isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A, khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho maqondana nesidingo esingaba khona sokwelashwa ngemithi ye-immunoglobulin.

Uma ingane yakho iya enkulisa:

• Qiniseka ukuthi izingane nabasebenzi esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwezinsuku bathole umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis A.
• Hlola indawo lapho kushintshwa khona amanabukeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kulandelwa inhlanzeko efanele.

Uma ingane yakho ithola i-hepatitis A, ungathatha lezi zinyathelo ukusiza ukuvimbela lesi sifo ekusakazekeni kwezinye izingane noma abantu abadala:

• Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi nangemva kokulungisa ukudla, ngaphambi kokudla nangaphambi kokunikeza ingane yakho ukudla.
• Hlanza izandla zakho njalo ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngemuva kokushintsha inabukeni lengane yakho, futhi uma uhlangana negazi lomuntu, onezihlalo, noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba.
• Siza ingane yakho ifunde inhlanzeko. Fundisa ingane yakho ukugeza izandla ngaphambi kokudla ukudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Gwema ukudla ukudla okuthelelekile noma ukuphuza amanzi angcolile.

I-hepatitis yegciwane - izingane; I-hepatitis ethathelwanayo - izingane

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UPham YH, uLeung DH. Igciwane le-Hepatitis A. Ku: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaFeigin neCherry's Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 168.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P. Ikomidi Elelulekayo Lemikhuba Yokugoma lincoma uhlelo lokugoma lwezingane nentsha eneminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphansi - e-United States, 2019. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019; 68 (5): 112-114. I-PMID: 30730870 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730870/.