I-Alkalosis

I-Alkalosis yisimo lapho uketshezi lomzimba lunesisindo esingeqile (alkali). Lokhu kuphambene ne-asidi eyeqile (i-acidosis).

Izinso namaphaphu kugcina ibhalansi efanele (izinga le-pH elifanele) lamakhemikhali abizwa ngama-acid nezisekelo emzimbeni. Ukwehla kwezinga le-carbon dioxide (i-asidi) noma ukukhuphuka kwe-bicarbonate (isisekelo) kwenza umzimba ube ne-alkaline kakhulu, isimo esibizwa nge-alkalosis. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-alkalosis. Lokhu kuchazwe ngezansi.

I-alkalosis yokuphefumula ibangelwa ileveli ephansi yesikhutha egazini. Lokhu kungabangelwa:

• Imfiva
• Ukuba sezingeni eliphezulu
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo
• Isifo sesibindi
• Isifo samaphaphu, esibangela ukuthi uphefumule ngokushesha (hyperventilate)
• Ubuthi be-aspirin

I-alkalosis ye-Metabolic ibangelwa yi-bicarbonate eningi egazini. Kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yezifo ezithile zezinso.

I-Hypochloremic alkalosis ibangelwa ukuntuleka okukhulu noma ukulahleka kwe-chloride, njengokuhlanza isikhathi eside.

I-alkalosis ye-Hypokalemic ibangelwa ukuphendula kwezinso ekushodweni ngokweqile noma ekulahlekelweni yi-potassium. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuthatha amaphilisi athile wamanzi (isisu).

I-alkalosis ekhokhelwayo yenzeka lapho umzimba ubuyisa ibhalansi ye-acid-base iye cishe kokujwayelekile ezimweni ze-alkalosis, kepha amazinga e-bicarbonate necarbon dioxide ahlala angajwayelekile.

Izimpawu ze-alkalosis zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukudideka (kungadlulela ekuthini noma ekoma)
• Ukuthuthumela kwesandla
• Ubumhlophe
• Ukudikiza kwemisipha
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuncinza ebusweni, ezandleni, noma ezinyaweni
• Ukuqina kwemisipha isikhathi eside (tetany)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu zakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorathri okunga-odwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwegesi yegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electrolyte, njengephaneli eyisisekelo yemethabolikhi yokuqinisekisa i-alkalosis futhi kukhombise ukuthi ngabe iyindlela yokuphefumula noma ye-metabolic alkalosis.

Kungadingeka ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela ye-alkalosis. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Umchamo pH

Ukwelapha i-alkalosis, umhlinzeki wakho udinga kuqala ukuthola imbangela eyimbangela.

Nge-alkalosis ebangelwa yi-hyperventilation, ukuphefumulela esikhwameni sephepha kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine isikhutha esiningi emzimbeni wakho, okuthuthukisa i-alkalosis. Uma izinga lakho le-oxygen liphansi, ungathola i-oxygen.

Imithi ingadingeka ukulungisa ukulahleka kwamakhemikhali (njenge-chloride ne-potassium). Umhlinzeki wakho uzoqapha izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile (izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi).

Izimo eziningi ze-alkalosis ziphendula kahle ekwelashweni.

Ukungalashwa noma ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele, izinkinga zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• I-Arrhythmias (inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha okukhulu, ihamba kancane kakhulu, noma ngokungafani)
• I-Coma
• Ukungalingani kwe-Electrolyte (njengezinga eliphansi le-potassium)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma udidekile, ungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, noma ungakwazi "ukubamba umoya wakho."

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (njenge-911) uma kukhona:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• Izimpawu eziba nzima ngokushesha ze-alkalosis
• Ukuquleka
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula

Ukuvimbela kuncike embangela ye-alkalosis.Abantu abanezinso namaphaphu aphilile abajwayele ukuba ne-alkalosis ebucayi.

• Izinso

I-Effros RM, iSwenson ER. Ibhalansi ye-acid-base. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 7.

I-Oh MS, i-Briefel G. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso, amanzi, ama-electrolyte, ne-acid-base balance. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, abahleli. UHenry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Umhla ka-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 14.

Seifter JL. Izinkinga ze-acid-base. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 110.