Isigaxa samathambo

Isigaxa sethambo ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwamaseli ngaphakathi kwethambo. Isigaxa sethambo singaba nomdlavuza (sibi) noma singabi nomdlavuza (sinobungozi).

Ayaziwa imbangela yamathumba. Zivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni zethambo ezikhula ngokushesha. Izimbangela ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Ukukhubazeka kofuzo kudlula emindenini
• Imisebe
• Ukulimala

Ezimweni eziningi, akukho sizathu esithile esitholakalayo.

Ama-osteochondromas yizona izicubu zethambo ezingezona ezinomdlavuza (ezivame kakhulu). Zenzeka kakhulu kubantu abasha abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengama-20.

Umdlavuza oqala emathanjeni ubizwa ngokuthi izicubu zamathambo eziyinhloko. Umdlavuza wamathambo oqala kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (njengesifuba, amaphaphu, noma ikholoni) ubizwa ngokuthi izicubu zamathambo zesibili noma ze-metastatic. Baziphatha ngokuhluke kakhulu kwizicubu zamathambo eziyinhloko.

Izicubu zamathambo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza zifaka:

• I-Chondrosarcoma
• Ukuthola i-sarcoma
• I-Fibrosarcoma
• Osteosarcomas

Umdlavuza ovame ukusabalala emathanjeni yimidlavuza ye:

• Isifuba
• Izinso
• Amaphaphu
• Indlala yesinye
• Indlala yegilo

Lezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza zivame ukuthinta abantu asebekhulile.

Umdlavuza wamathambo uvame kakhulu kubantu abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza.

Izimpawu zesimila sethambo zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukuphuka kwamathambo, ikakhulukazi ekulimaleni okuncane (ukuhlukumezeka)
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo, bungaba bubi kakhulu ebusuku
• Kwesinye isikhathi ubukhulu nokuvuvukala kungazwakala endaweni yesimila

Ezinye izicubu ezinobungozi azinazo izimpawu.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Izinga legazi le-alkaline phosphatase
• I-biopsy yamathambo
• Ukuskena kwamathambo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yesifuba
• I-MRI yethambo nezicubu ezizungezile
• I-X-ray yethambo nezicubu ezizungezile
• Ukuskena kwe-PET

Lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo zingabuye zithunyelwe ukuqapha lesi sifo:

• I-alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme
• Izinga le-calcium yegazi
• I-hormone ye-Parathyroid
• Izinga le-phosphorus yegazi

Ezinye izicubu zamathambo ezinobungozi ziyahamba zodwa futhi azidingi ukwelashwa. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokuqapha eduze. Uzodinga ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-imaging, njenge-x-ray, ukubona ukuthi isimila siyancipha noma siyakhula.

Kungadingeka ukwelashwa ukuze kususwe isimila kwezinye izimo.

Ukwelashwa kwezimila zamathambo ezinomdlavuza okusabalale kusuka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kuya ngokuthi umdlavuza uqale kuphi. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganikezwa ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka noma ukudambisa izinhlungu. I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuphuka noma isidingo sokuhlinzwa noma imisebe.

Izimila eziqala ethanjeni azivamile. Ngemuva kwe-biopsy, inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali kanye nokuhlinzwa imvamisa iyadingeka. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungadingeka ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Ukwenza kahle kangakanani kuya ngohlobo lwesimila samathambo.

Umphumela uvame ukuba muhle kubantu abanezicubu ezingenabisi (ezinobungozi). Kodwa ezinye izicubu zamathambo ezinobungozi zingaphenduka umdlavuza.

Abantu abanezicubu zamathambo ezinomdlavuza ezingakasakazeki bangalapheka. Izinga lokwelashwa lincike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, indawo, usayizi, nezinye izinto. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngomdlavuza wakho othile.

Izinkinga ezingabangelwa isimila noma ukwelashwa zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu
• Umsebenzi owehlisiwe, kuya ngesimila
• Imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy
• Ukusakazeka komdlavuza kwezinye izicubu eziseduze (i-metastasis)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu zesimila samathambo.

Isimila - ithambo; Umdlavuza wamathambo; Isimila samathambo esiyinhloko; Isimila samathambo sesibili; I-Bone tumor - enobungozi

• I-X-ray
• Amathambo
• I-osteogenic sarcoma - i-x-ray
• Ukuthenga i-sarcoma - x-ray

Heck RK, PC yokudlala. Izicubu ezinobungozi / ezinolaka zethambo. Ku: Azar FM, Beaty JH, Kanale ST, ama-eds. I-Operational Orthopedics yaseCampbell. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 26.

Heck RK, PC yokudlala. Izimila ezimbi zethambo. Ku: Azar FM, Beaty JH, Kanale ST, ama-eds. I-Operational Orthopedics yaseCampbell. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 27.

Iwebhusayithi ye-National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Imikhombandlela ye-NCCN yokwenza imitholampilo ku-oncology (imihlahlandlela ye-NCCN): Umdlavuza wethambo. Inguqulo 1.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/bone.pdf. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 12, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 15, 2020.

UReith JD. Amathambo namalunga. Ku: Goldblum JR, Lamps LW, McKenney JK, Myers JL, eds. URosai no-Ackerman's Pathology Yokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 40.