I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa

I-toxoplasmosis ezalwa nayo iyiqembu lezimpawu ezenzeka lapho umntwana ongakazalwa (umbungu) etheleleka ngozimele I-Toxoplasma gondii.

Ukutheleleka nge-Toxoplasmosis kungadluliselwa enganeni esakhulayo uma umama etheleleka ngenkathi ekhulelwe. Ukutheleleka kusakazeka enganeni ekhulayo ngaphesheya kwe-placenta. Isikhathi esiningi, ukutheleleka kumnene kumama. Owesifazane kungenzeka angazi ukuthi unaleli gciwane. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kwengane ekhulayo kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Izinkinga zimbi kakhulu uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka ekukhulelweni kokuqala.

Kufika ezingxenyeni zezingane ezitheleleka nge-toxoplasmosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zizalwa kusenesikhathi (ngaphambi kwesikhathi). Ukutheleleka kungalimaza amehlo engane, uhlelo lwemizwa, isikhumba nezindlebe.

Imvamisa, kunezimpawu zokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezinokutheleleka okuncane kungenzeka zingabi nazo izimpawu izinyanga noma iminyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa. Uma kungalashwa, izingane eziningi ezinalesi sifo ziba nezinkinga ebusheni bazo. Izinkinga zamehlo zivamile.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Isibindi esikhulisiwe nobende
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukulimala kwamehlo ngokuvuvukala kwe-retina noma ezinye izingxenye zeso
• Izinkinga zokondla
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• I-jaundice (isikhumba esiphuzi)
• Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi (umkhawulo wokukhula kwe-intrauterine)
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba (izindawo ezincane ezibomvu noma ukulinyazwa) lapho kuzalwa
• Izinkinga zombono

Ukulimala kwesistimu yobuchopho nozwela kusuka kokumnene kuya kokubi kakhulu, futhi kungafaka:

• Ukuquleka
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo

Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzohlola ingane. Ingane ingaba nayo:

• Ukuvuvukala ubende nesibindi
• Isikhumba esiphuzi (i-jaundice)
• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo
• Uketshezi ebuchosheni (i-hydrocephalus)
• I-lymph nodes evuvukile (i-lymphadenopathy)
• Usayizi omkhulu wekhanda (macrocephaly) noma usayizi wekhanda omncane kunokujwayelekile (i-microcephaly)

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Amniotic fluid nokuhlolwa kwegazi lombungu
• Isihloko se-Antibody
• I-Ultrasound yesisu

Ngemuva kokuzalwa, izivivinyo ezilandelayo zingenziwa enganeni:

• Ucwaningo lwe-antibody ngegazi lentambo kanye ne-cerebrospinal fluid
• I-CT scan yobuchopho
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI kobuchopho
• Izivivinyo ze-Neurological
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Toxoplasmosis

I-Spiramycin ingaphatha ukutheleleka kumama okhulelwe.

I-Pyrimethamine ne-sulfadiazine zingelapha ukutheleleka kwe-fetus (okutholwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa).

Ukwelashwa kwezinsana ezine-toxoplasmosis ezalwe nayo kuvame ukufaka i-pyrimethamine, i-sulfadiazine ne-leucovorin unyaka owodwa. Izinsana kwesinye isikhathi zinikezwa i-steroids uma umbono wazo usongelwa noma uma izinga lamaprotheni kulwelwesi lomgogodla luphezulu.

Umphumela uncike kubungako besimo.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• IHydrocephalus
• Ubumpumputhe noma ukukhubazeka okubukwayo okunzima
• Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwengqondo noma ezinye izinkinga zemizwa

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ukhulelwe futhi ucabange ukuthi usengozini yokutheleleka. (Isibonelo, ukutheleleka nge-toxoplasmosis kungadluliselwa kusuka emakati uma uhlanza ibhokisi lodoti wekati.) Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ukhulelwe futhi ungakaze uthole ukunakekelwa kokubeletha.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abahlela ukukhulelwa bangahlolwa ukuthola ukuthi basengozini yokutheleleka yini.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanamakati njengezilwane zasekhaya bangaba sengozini enkulu. Kufanele bagweme ukuthintana nendle yekati, noma izinto ezingangcoliswa yizinambuzane ezivezwe indle yekati (njengamaphela nezimpukane).

Futhi, pheka inyama ize yenziwe kahle, bese ugeza izandla zakho ngemuva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza ukugwema ukuthola amagciwane.

• I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa

UDuff P, uBirsner M. Ukutheleleka komama kanye nokubeletha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: ibhaktheriya. Ku: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al, eds. Ama-Obstetrics: Ukukhulelwa Okujwayelekile Nenkinga. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 54.

UMcLeod R, uBoyer KM. I-Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii). Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 316.

UMontoya JG, uBoothroyd JC, uKovacs JA. I-Toxoplasma gondii. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 280.