Ukugula kokulala

Ukulala ukulala kuyisifo esibangelwa amagciwane amancane athwalwa izimpukane ezithile. Kubangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.

Ukugula kokulala kubangelwa yizinhlobo ezimbili zama-parasites I-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense futhi I-Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense. T b rhodesiense kubangela isimo esibi kakhulu sokugula.

Izimpukane zeTsetse zithwala isifo. Lapho impukane enegciwane ikuluma, igciwane lisakazeka egazini lakho.

Izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya ukuhlala ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Afrika lapho kutholakala khona lesi sifo futhi kulunywe yizimpukane i-tsetse. Lesi sifo asenzeki e-United States, kodwa abahambi abavakashele noma abahlala e-Afrika bangatheleleka.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo, ukukhathazeka
• Imfiva, ukujuluka
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ukuqwasha ebusuku
• Ukulala emini (kungahle kungalawuleki)
• Ama-lymph node avuvukile emzimbeni wonke
• Isigaxa esivuvukile, esibomvu nesibuhlungu lapho kulunywa khona impukane

Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukususelwa ekuhlolweni komzimba kanye nemininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nezimpawu. Uma umhlinzeki wezempilo esola ukugula kokulala, uzobuzwa ngohambo lwakamuva. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzoyalelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Ukuhlolwa kufaka okulandelayo:

• I-blood smear ukuhlola ama-parasites
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid (uketshezi oluvela entanjeni yakho yomgogodla)
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Isifiso se-lymph node

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi sifo ihlanganisa:

• I-Eflornithine (ye T b gambiense kuphela)
• I-Melarsoprol
• IPentamidine (ye T b gambiense kuphela)
• I-Suramin (Antrypol)

Abanye abantu bangathola inhlanganisela yale mithi.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukufa kungenzeka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kusukela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo noma kusuka T b rhodesiense ukutheleleka uqobo.

T b gambiense ukutheleleka kubanga ukugula kwesifo sokulala futhi kuba kubi ngokushesha, kaningi emasontweni ambalwa. Lesi sifo sidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Izinkinga zifaka:

• Ukulimala okuhlobene nokulala lapho ushayela noma phakathi neminye imisebenzi
• Ukulimala kancane kancane ohlelweni lwezinzwa
• Ukulala okungalawuleki njengoba lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu
• I-Coma

Bheka umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma uke wahambela izindawo lapho isifo sijwayeleke khona. Kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Imijovo ye-Pentamidine ivikela ekulweni nayo T b gambiense, kodwa hhayi ngokumelene T b rhodesiense. Ngoba lo muthi unobuthi, ukuwusebenzisela ukuvikela akunconyiwe. T b rhodesiense uphathwa nge-suranim.

Izinyathelo zokulawula izinambuzane zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwezifo zokulala ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane - i-trypanosomiasis yabantu base-Afrika

UBogitsh BJ, uCarter CE, u-Oeltmann TN. Amaprotheni egazi nezicubu I: ama-hemoflagellates. Ku: Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN, eds. I-Parasitology Yabantu. Umhlaka 5. ISan Diego, CA: I-Elsevier Academic Press; 2019: isahluko 6.

IKirchhoff LV. Ama-ejenti we-African trypanosomiasis (ukugula ukulala). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 279.