I-Glaucoma

I-Glaucoma iyiqembu lezimo zamehlo ezingalimaza i-optic nerve. Le nzwa ithumela izithombe ozibonayo ebuchosheni bakho.

Imvamisa, ukulimala kwe-optic nerve kubangelwa ingcindezi eyengeziwe esweni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi ye-intraocular.

I-glaucoma iyimbangela yesibili evame kakhulu yokungaboni e-United States. Kunezinhlobo ezine ezinkulu ze-glaucoma:

• I-glaucoma evulekile
• I-angle-closure glaucoma, ebizwa nangokuthi i-glaucoma evaliwe
• I-glaucoma yokuzalwa
• I-glaucoma yesibili

Ingxenye engaphambili yeso igcwele uketshezi olucacile olubizwa ngokuthi amahlaya aqueous. Lolu ketshezi lwenziwa endaweni engemuva kwengxenye enemibala yeso (iris). Ishiya iso ngemigudu lapho kuhlangana khona i-iris ne-cornea. Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi i-anterior chamber angle, noma i-angle. I-cornea yisembozo esicacile ngaphambili kweso elingaphambi kwe-iris, umfundi ne-angle.

Noma yini eyehlisa noma ivimbe ukuhamba kwalolu ketshezi izodala ingcindezi yokwakha esweni.

• Ku-glaucoma evulekile, ukwanda kwengcindezi kuvame ukuba kuncane futhi kuhamba kancane.
• Kwi-glaucoma evaliwe, ukwanda kuvame ukuphakama futhi kungazelelwe.
• Noma yiluphi uhlobo lungalimaza imizwa ye-optic.

I-glaucoma evulekile uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-glaucoma.

• Imbangela ayaziwa. Ukwanda kwengcindezi yamehlo kwenzeka kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Awukwazi ukuwuzwa.
• Ingcindezi eyandisiwe ifaka inzwa ye-optic. Ukulimala kwethambo le-optic kubangela izindawo ezingaboni emehlweni akho.
• I-open-angle glaucoma ivame ukusebenza emindenini. Ingozi yakho iphakeme uma unomzali noma ugogo noma umkhulu one-open-angle glaucoma. Abantu abadabuka e-Afrika nabo basengozini enkulu yalesi sifo.

I-glaucoma evaliwe kwenzeka lapho uketshezi luvinjiwe kungazelelwe futhi lungakwazi ukuphuma esweni. Lokhu kubangela ukunyuka okusheshayo, okunzima kwengcindezi yamehlo.

• Ukunciphisa amaconsi wamehlo kanye nemithi ethile kungahle kuhlasele i-glaucoma acute.
• I-glaucoma evaliwe iyisimo esiphuthumayo.
• Uma uke waba ne-glaucoma ebukhali esweni elilodwa, usengozini yayo esweni lesibili. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungenzeka aphathe iso lakho lesibili ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kuleso iso.

I-glaucoma yesibili kwenzeka ngenxa yesizathu esaziwayo. Kokubili i-glaucoma evulekile nevaliwe ingaba ngeyesibili lapho ibangelwa okuthile okwaziwayo. Izimbangela zifaka:

• Imithi efana ne-corticosteroids
• Izifo zamehlo, njenge-uveitis (ukuvuvukala kwesendlalelo esiphakathi kweso)
• Izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela
• Ukulimala kweso

I-glaucoma yokuzalwa kwenzeka ezinganeni.

• Imvamisa isebenza emindenini.
• Sikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
• Kubangelwa lapho iso lingakhuli ngokujwayelekile.

VULA-ANGLE GLAUCOMA

• Iningi labantu alinazo izimpawu.
• Lapho usuzazi ngokulahleka kombono, umonakalo usuvele mkhulu kakhulu.
• Ukulahleka kancane kombono wohlangothi (lomngcele) (obizwa nangokuthi umbono wetonela).
• I-glaucoma esezingeni eliphakeme ingaholela ekungaboni.

UKUVALWA KWE-ANGLE GLAUCOMA

Izimpawu zingafika zidlule ekuqaleni, noma ziqhubeke ngokuya ziba zimbi. Ungaqaphela:

• Kungazelelwe, ubuhlungu obukhulu esweni elilodwa
• Ukwehla kombono noma okunamafu, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umbono we "steamy"
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ama-halos afana nothingo azungeze amalambu
• Iso elibomvu
• Iso lizwakala livuvukele

IGLAUCOMA YASEKHAYA

Izimpawu zivame ukuqashelwa lapho ingane inezinyanga ezimbalwa ubudala.

• Ubumnyama besikhala sangaphambili
• Ukukhulisa iso elilodwa noma womabili amehlo
• Iso elibomvu
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
• Izinyembezi

ISIBILI SEGLAUCOMA

• Izimpawu zivame ukuhlobene nenkinga ebangela i-glaucoma.
• Ngokuya ngesizathu, izimpawu zingafana ne-open-angle glaucoma noma i-angle-closure glaucoma.

Ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola i-glaucoma ngokuhlolwa ngokuphelele iso.

• Uzonikezwa isivivinyo sokuhlola umfutho wamehlo akho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-tonometry.
• Ezimweni eziningi, uzonikezwa amaconsi wamehlo ukukhulisa (ukunweba) umfundi wakho.
• Lapho umfundi wakho enwetshiwe, udokotela wamehlo wakho uyobheka ingaphakathi leso lakho kanye ne-optic nerve.

Ukucindezela kwamehlo kwehlukile ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku. Ukucindezela kwamehlo kungaba yinto evamile nakwabanye abantu abane-glaucoma. Ngakho-ke uzodinga ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa i-glaucoma. Zingafaka:

• Usebenzisa ilensi ekhethekile ukubheka i-engeli yeso (gonioscopy).
• Izithombe noma izithombe zokuskena i-laser ezingaphakathi kweso lakho (i-optic nerve imaging).
• Izithombe zokuskena i-Laser ze-engeli yeso.
• Ukuhlola i-retina yakho - I-retina izicubu ezizwela ukukhanya ngemuva kweso lakho.
• Ukubheka ukuthi umfundi wakho uphendula kanjani ekukhanyeni (impendulo ye-pupillary reflex).
• Ukubukwa kwe-3-D kweso lakho (ukuhlolwa kwesibani).
• Ukuhlola ukucaca kombono wakho (amandla okubuka).
• Ukuhlola inkambu yakho yombono (isilinganiso senkambu ebonakalayo).

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa ukucindezela kwamehlo akho. Ukwelashwa kuya ngohlobo lwe-glaucoma onayo.

VULA-ANGLE GLAUCOMA

• Uma une-glaucoma evulekile, cishe uzonikezwa amaconsi wamehlo.
• Ungadinga izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Iningi labantu lingelashwa ngamaconsi wamehlo.
• Iningi lamaconsi wamehlo asetshenzisiwe namuhla anemiphumela emibi embalwa kunaleyo esetshenziswe esikhathini esedlule.
• Unganikezwa namaphilisi okwehlisa ingcindezi esweni.

Uma amaconsi eyedwa engasebenzi, ungadinga olunye ukwelashwa:

• Ukwelashwa nge-Laser kusebenzisa i-laser engenabuhlungu ukuvula iziteshi lapho kuphuma khona uketshezi.
• Uma amaconsi nokwelashwa kwelaser kungasebenzi, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela uzovula ishaneli entsha ukuze kuphume uketshezi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukwehlisa ingcindezi yakho.
• Muva nje, sekusungulwe izimila ezintsha ezingasiza ekwelapheni i-glaucoma kubantu abahlinzwa i-cataract.

I-ACUTE ANGLE GLAUCOMA

Ukuhlasela okunamandla kokuvalwa kwe-engela kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ungaba yimpumputhe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa uma ungelashwa.

• Unganikezwa amaconsi, amaphilisi, nemithi oyinikwe ngomthambo (ngo-IV) ukwehlisa umfutho wamehlo akho.
• Abanye abantu badinga nokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo, okubizwa nge-iridotomy. Udokotela usebenzisa i-laser ukuvula isiteshi esisha enkingeni. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlinzwa. Isiteshi esisha sikukhulula ukuhlaselwa futhi sizovimbela okunye ukuhlaselwa.
• Ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwelinye iso, inqubo efanayo izovame ukwenziwa kwelinye iso. Lokhu kungenziwa noma kungakaze kuhlaselwe.

IGLAUCOMA YASEKHAYA

• I-glaucoma ezalwa nayo cishe iphathwa njalo ngokuhlinzwa.
• Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane ilele futhi ayizwa buhlungu.

ISIBILI SEGLAUCOMA

Uma une-glaucoma yesibili, ukwelapha imbangela kungasiza izimpawu zakho zihambe. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa nazo zingadingeka.

I-glaucoma evulekile ayinakulapheka. Ungayiphatha futhi ugcine ukubona kwakho ngokulandela izinkomba zomhlinzeki wakho.

I-glaucoma evaliwe iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Udinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze ugcine umbono wakho.

Izingane ezine-glaucoma ezalwe nayo zivame ukwenza kahle lapho ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kusenesikhathi.

Ukuthi wenza kanjani nge-glaucoma yesibili kuya ngokuthi yini ebangela isimo.

Uma unezinhlungu ezinzima zamehlo noma ukungaboni ngokushesha, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kungaba yizimpawu ze-glaucoma evaliwe.

Awukwazi ukuvimbela i-glaucoma evulekile. Iningi labantu alinazo izimpawu. Kepha ungasiza ukuvimbela ukulahleka kombono.

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kungasiza ekutholeni i-open-angle glaucoma kusenesikhathi, lapho kulula ukuyelapha.
• Bonke abantu abadala kufanele bahlolwe amehlo ngokuphelele lapho beneminyaka engama-40.
• Uma usengozini ye-glaucoma, kufanele uhlolwe amehlo ngokuphelele ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40.
• Kufanele ube nezivivinyo zamehlo ezijwayelekile njengoba kunconywe umhlinzeki wakho.

Uma usengozini ye-glaucoma evaliwe, umhlinzeki wakho angancoma ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa ukusiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamehlo nokulahleka kombono.

I-glaucoma evulekile; I-glaucoma engapheli; I-glaucoma evulekile engapheli; I-glaucoma eyinhloko evulekile; I-glaucoma evaliwe; I-glaucoma encane-engela; I-glaucoma yokuvala i-engela; I-glaucoma enamandla; I-glaucoma yesibili; I-glaucoma yokuzalwa; Ukulahleka kombono - i-glaucoma

• Iso
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo
• I-Glaucoma
• Imizwa ye-optic

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I-Jampel HD, i-Villarreal G. Imithi esekwe ebufakazini ku-glaucoma. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 10.34.

UMadu A, uRhee DJ. Yikuphi ukwelashwa ongakusebenzisa ku-glaucoma. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 10.23.

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