Ukuhlanganiswa kwamathambo endlebe

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamathambo endlebe ukuhlanganiswa kwamathambo endlebe ephakathi. Lawa amathambo we-incus, malleus, ne-stapes. Ukuhlangana noma ukulungiswa kwamathambo kuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa, ngoba amathambo awahambi futhi ayavevezela ekuphenduleni kumagagasi omsindo.

Izihloko ezihlobene zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka okungapheli endlebeni
• I-Otosclerosis
• Ukukhubazeka kwezindlebe okuphakathi

• I-anatomy yendlebe
• Ukutholwa kwezokwelapha okususelwa ku-anatomy yezindlebe

Indlu JW, iCunningham CD. I-Otosclerosis. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 146.

U-O'Handley JG, uTobin EJ, u-Shah AR. I-Otorhinolaryngology. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 18.

Prueter JC, Teasley RA, Emuva DD. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kanye nokwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo kokulahleka kokuzwa okusebenzayo. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 145.

Umfula A, Yoshikawa N. Otosclerosis. Ku: Myers EN, Snyderman CH, eds. I-Operative Otolaryngology Head kanye ne-Neck Surgery. 3rd ed. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 133.