Ukuphefumula

Ukuphefumula kusho ukudweba noma ukuphuma usebenzisa ukunyakaza okuncelayo. Inezincazelo ezimbili:

• Ukuphefumula into yangaphandle (ukumunca ukudla ku-airway).
• Inqubo yezokwelapha esusa okuthile endaweni yomzimba. Lezi zinto kungaba umoya, uketshezi lomzimba, noma izingcezu zamathambo. Isibonelo sisusa uketshezi lwe-ascites endaweni yesisu.

Ukuphefumula njengenqubo yezokwelapha kungasetshenziswa futhi ukususa amasampula wezicubu ze-biopsy. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngenaliti biopsy noma i-aspirate. Isibonelo, ukufisa kwesilonda sesifuba.

• Ukuphefumula

UDavidson NE. Umdlavuza webele nezinkinga zesifuba ezinobungozi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 188.

UMartin P. Indlela eya esigulini esinesifo sesibindi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 137.

U-O'Donnell AE. I-Bronchiectasis, i-atelectasis, ama-cysts, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu okwenziwe endaweni. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 84.

UShuman EA, uPletcher SD, u-Eisele DW. Ukulangazelela okungapheli. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 65.