Kukhala ubuntwana

Izinsana zine-reflex yokukhala eyimpendulo evamile ezenzweni, njengobuhlungu noma indlala. Izinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zingase zingabi ne-cry reflex. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ziqashwe ngeso elibukhali ngezimpawu zendlala nobuhlungu.

Isililo ukuxhumana ngomlomo kokuqala kosana. Kungumyalezo wokuphuthuma noma wokucindezeleka. Umsindo uyindlela yemvelo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abadala bayayinakekela ingane ngokushesha okukhulu. Kunzima kakhulu kubantu abaningi ukulalela umntwana okhalayo.

Cishe wonke umuntu uyabona ukuthi izinsana zikhala ngezizathu eziningi nokuthi ukukhala kuyimpendulo ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, abazali bangazizwa benesisindo esikhulu sokukhathazeka nokukhathazeka lapho ingane ikhala njalo. Umsindo uthathwa njenge-alamu. Abazali bavame ukukhungatheka ngokungakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini imbangela yokukhala futhi bathobe ingane. Okokuqala abazali bavame ukungabaza amakhono abo wokuba ngumzali uma ingane ingenakududuzwa.

KUNGANI IZALWANE ZIKHALA

Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane zikhala ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kodwa-ke, ukukhala kakhulu ukuphendula okuthile. Kungaba nzima ukuthola ukuthi yini ehlupha usana ngaleso sikhathi. Ezinye zezizathu ezingenzeka zifaka:

• Indlala. Izinsana zifuna ukudla imini nobusuku, imvamisa njalo emahoreni amabili kuya kwamathathu.
• Ubuhlungu obubangelwa igesi noma ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu ngemuva kokuphakelwa. Ubuhlungu buqala uma ingane iphakelwe kakhulu noma ingagqitshwanga ngokwanele. Ukudla okudliwa ngumama oncelisayo kungadala igesi noma ubuhlungu enganeni yakhe.
• Colic. Izinsana eziningi ezineminyaka engama-3 kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu zakha iphethini yokukhala ehlotshaniswa ne-colic. IColic yingxenye ejwayelekile yentuthuko engahle ibangelwe yizinto eziningi. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngezikhathi zantambama noma kusihlwa.
• Ukungakhululeki, njengokuvela enabukeni elimanzi.
• Uzizwa ushisa kakhulu noma ubanda kakhulu. Izingane zingakhala futhi ngokuzizwa zisongwe kakhulu ngengubo yazo, noma ngokufuna ukuboshwa ziqine.
• Umsindo omningi, ukukhanya, noma umsebenzi. Lezi zinganciphisa ingane yakho kancane kancane noma ngokungazelelwe.

Ukukhala mhlawumbe kuyingxenye yokuthuthuka okujwayelekile kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Abazali abaningi bathi bangezwa umehluko ezwini phakathi kokukhala kokondla kanye nokukhala okubangelwa ubuhlungu.

OKUMELE UKWENZE UMA INGANE IKHALA

Lapho ungaqiniseki ukuthi kungani ingane yakho ikhala, qala uzame ukuqeda imithombo ongayinakekela:

• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane iphefumula kalula futhi iminwe, izinzwane nezindebe kubomvana futhi kufudumele.
• Bheka ukuvuvukala, ububomvu, ubumanzi, ukuqubuka, iminwe ebandayo nezinzwani, izingalo noma imilenze esontekile, izindlebe ezisongiwe, noma iminwe noma izinzwane.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane ayilambile. Ungalibali isikhathi eside lapho ingane yakho ikhombisa izimpawu zendlala.
• Qiniseka ukuthi wondla ingane inani elifanele futhi ubhidliza ingane ngendlela efanele.
• Bheka ukuthi ingane yakho ayibandi kakhulu noma ayishisi kakhulu.
• Hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi ingabe inabukeni idinga ukushintshwa.
• Qiniseka ukuthi awukho umsindo omningi, ukukhanya, noma umoya, noma ukukhuthazeka nokuxhumana okwanele.

Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa zokudambisa ingane ekhalayo:

• Zama ukudlala umculo ophansi, omnene ukuze uthole induduzo.
• Khuluma nengane yakho. Umsindo wezwi lakho ungaqinisa idolo. Ingane yakho ingabuye ithuliswe ngumsindo noma umsindo wefeni noma isomisi sezingubo.
• Shintsha isikhundla sosana.
• Bamba umntanakho eduze kwesifuba sakho. Kwesinye isikhathi, izinsana zidinga ukuzwa imizwa ejwayelekile, njengomsindo wezwi lakho esifubeni sakho, ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, ukuzwa kwesikhumba sakho, iphunga lokuphefumula kwakho, ukunyakaza komzimba wakho, kanye nokunethezeka kokugona kwakho. Esikhathini esedlule, izingane zazigcinwa njalo futhi ukungabikho komzali kwakusho ingozi ezihlaselweni noma ekulahlweni. Awukwazi ukonakalisa ingane ngokubabamba ngesikhathi sobusana.

Uma ukukhala kuqhubeka isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile futhi ungakwazi ukwehlisa umoya wengane, biza umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Zama ukuphumula ngokwanele. Abazali abakhathele abakwazi ukunakekela ingane yabo.

Sebenzisa izinsiza zomndeni, abangane, noma abanakekeli bangaphandle ukuze uzinike isikhathi sokubuyisa amandla akho. Lokhu kuzosiza nengane yakho. Akusho ukuthi ungumzali omubi noma ulahla ingane yakho. Uma nje abanakekeli bethatha izinyathelo zokuphepha futhi beduduza ingane lapho kunesidingo, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho inakekelwa kahle ngesikhathi sekhefu lakho.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma ukukhala kwengane yakho kwenzeka ngezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, ukuqubuka, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ezinye izimpawu zokugula.

• Baby burping isikhundla

Ditmar MF. Ukuziphatha nentuthuko. Ku: Polin RA, Ditmar MF, ama-eds. Izimfihlo Zengane. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 2.

UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM. Ekhala no colic. Ku: UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM, ama-eds. UNelson Essentials Pediatrics. Umhlaka 8. Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 11.

UTaylor JA, uWright JA, uWoodrum D. Ukunakekelwa kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Ku: Gleason CA, Juul SE, ama-eds. Izifo zika-Avery Zomntwana osanda kuzalwa. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 26.