Ubuthi be-Hydrofluoric acid

I-Hydrofluoric acid ikhemikhali eyi-asidi enamandla kakhulu. Imvamisa iba sesimweni soketshezi. I-Hydrofluoric acid iyikhemikhali ebangela ukonakala kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ngokushesha idala ukulimala okukhulu kwezicubu, njengokushisa, lapho kuthintwa. Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngobuthi obuvela ekugwinyweni, ekuphefumuleni, noma ekuthinteni i-hydrofluoric acid.

Lo mbhalo ungowolwazi kuphela. UNGAYisebenzisi ukwelapha noma ukuphatha ukuvezwa wushevu uqobo. Uma wena noma umuntu onaye unokuchayeka, shayela inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni (njenge-911), noma isikhungo sendawo sakho sobuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela ucingo lwasimahla lwe-Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States.

I-Hydrofluoric acid

Le asidi isetshenziselwa kakhulu izimboni. Isetshenziswa ku:

• Ukukhiqizwa kwesikrini sekhompyutha
• Ama-fluorescent bulbs
• Ukufakwa kwengilazi
• Ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu
• Abanye basusa ukugqwala kwasendlini

Qaphela: Lolu hlu kungenzeka lungabandakanyi konke.

Kusuka ekugwinyeni:

• Ukushisa emlonyeni nasemphinjeni kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Ukumunca amathe
• Ukuphefumula kanzima kusuka emphinjeni nasemlonyeni ukuvuvukala nokushisa
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Kuhlanza igazi
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuwa (kusuka kumfutho wegazi ophansi noma ukushaqeka)
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile

Ukusuka ekuphefumuleni (ukuhogela) i-asidi:

• Izindebe nezinzipho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Amakhaza
• Ukuqina kwesifuba
• Ukuchofoza
• Ukukhwehlela igazi
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo
• Isiyezi
• Imfiva
• Ubuthakathaka

Uma lo shevu uthinte isikhumba sakho noma amehlo akho, ungahle ube:

• Amabhamuza
• Kushe
• Ubuhlungu
• Ukulahleka kombono

Ubuthi be-Hydrofluoric acid bungaba nemiphumela eqondile enhliziyweni. Kungaholela ekushayweni kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi.

Abantu abahlangana nalobu shevu kungenzeka babe nenhlanganisela yezimpawu ezibalwe.

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. UNGENZI umuntu ahlanze ngaphandle uma etshelwe yi-Poison Control noma uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Uma ikhemikhali lisesikhunjeni noma emehlweni, gxuma ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15.

Ngokushesha yisa lowo muntu esibhedlela.

Imininingwane elandelayo iyasiza ngosizo oluphuthumayo:

• Iminyaka yomuntu, isisindo, nesimo
• Igama lomkhiqizo (izithako namandla, uma kwaziwa)
• Isikhathi lapho yagwinywa khona
• Inani ligwinyiwe

Kodwa-ke, UNGALIBALI ukubiza usizo uma lolu lwazi lungatholakali ngokushesha.

Isikhungo sakho sendawo sokulawula ubuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela inombolo yocingo yamahhala kazwelonke (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States. Le nombolo yocingo izokuvumela ukuthi ukhulume nezazi ekufakweni kobuthi. Bazokunikeza eminye imiyalelo.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Zonke izikhungo zokulawula ubuthi e-United States zisebenzisa le nombolo kazwelonke. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingeki ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Thatha isiqukathi uhambe naso uye esibhedlela, uma kungenzeka.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzolinganisa futhi aqaphe izimpawu ezibalulekile zomuntu, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi. Ukugwinya le asidi kungadala ukwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi yegazi. Uma umuntu ephefumula umusi ovela ku-asidi, umhlinzeki angahle ezwe izimpawu zoketshezi emaphashini lapho elalele isifuba nge-stethoscope.

Ukwelashwa okuqondile kuncike ekutheni kwenzeka kanjani ubuthi. Izimpawu zizophathwa ngendlela efanele.

Uma umuntu egwinya lo shevu, ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukusekelwa kwe-Airway, kufaka phakathi i-oxygen, ishubhu lokuphefumula ngomlomo (intubation), nomshini wokuphefumula (umshini wokuphefumula)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• Ikhamela phansi emphinjeni ukuze ubone ukusha emqaleni nasesiswini (endoscopy)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo)
• Uketshezi ngomthambo (IV)
• Izixazululo ze-Magnesium ne-calcium zokunciphisa i-asidi
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu

Uma umuntu ethinte ubuthi, ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Izixazululo zeMagnesium ne-calcium ezisetshenziswe esikhunjeni ukuze zinciphise i-asidi (izixazululo zinganikezwa nge-IV)
• Ukuqapha ukubheka izimpawu zobuthi bomzimba wonke
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu
• Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwesikhumba esishisiwe (ukususwa)
• Dlulisela esibhedlela esikhethekile ekunakekelweni kokusha
• Ukuwashwa kwesikhumba (ukuchelela), mhlawumbe njalo emahoreni ambalwa izinsuku ezimbalwa

Uma umuntu ephefumula ubuthi, ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukusekelwa kwe-Airway, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla
• Imishanguzo yokuphefumula eletha i-calcium emaphashini
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ikhamera phansi komphimbo ukubona ukusha emoyeni (bronchoscopy)
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo)
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu

Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani kuncike enanini likashevu agwinyiwe nokuthi ukwelashwa kutholakale ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokushesha lapho umuntu ethola usizo lwezempilo, aba maningi amathuba okuba alulame.

I-Hydrofluoric acid iyingozi kakhulu. Izingozi ezivame kakhulu ezibandakanya i-hydrofluoric acid zidala ukusha okukhulu esikhunjeni nasezandleni. Ukusha kungaba buhlungu ngokweqile. Abantu bazoba nezibazi eziningi kanye nokulahlekelwa okuthile kokusebenza endaweni ethintekile.

Umuntu kungadingeka ukuthi angeniswe esibhedlela ukuze aqhubeke nokwelashwa. Ukugwinya lo shevu kungaba nemiphumela emibi ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba. Ukulimala okukhulu emlonyeni, emphinjeni nasesiswini kungenzeka. Imigodi (ukubhoboza) esiswini nasesiswini kungadala ukutheleleka okukhulu esifubeni nasemigodini yesisu, okungaholela ekufeni. Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukuze kulungiswe amapayipi. Umdlavuza we-esophagus ubungozi obukhulu kubantu abaphila ngemuva kokufaka i-hydrofluoric acid.

I-fluorohydric acid

UHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 148.

ILabhulali Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha yase-U.S. Specialised Information Services, iwebhusayithi ye-Toxicology Data Network. I-Hydrogen fluoride. toxnet.nlm.nih.gov. Kubuyekezwe uJulayi 26, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 17, 2019.