Umdlavuza Wezingane: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Izinhlobo Nezindlela Zokwelapha

-Delile

• Izimpawu Eziyinhloko Zomdlavuza Ezinganeni
• Indlela yokwenza ukuxilongwa
• Yini ebanga umdlavuza ezinganeni
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wezingane
• Ingabe umdlavuza wezingane ungalapheka?
• Izinketho zokwelashwa
• Ukuxhaswa kwezingane ezinomdlavuza

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wezingane zincike lapho uqala ukukhula khona nokuthi izinga lokuhlasela komzimba lithinta kangakanani. Esinye sezimpawu eziholela abazali ukuthi basole ukuthi ingane iyagula ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala, lapho ingane idla kahle, kepha iyaqhubeka nokuncipha.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngemuva kwebhethri lezivivinyo eziphelele ezisebenza ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesimila ingane enalo, isigaba salo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona ama-metastases noma cha. Lonke lolu lwazi lubalulekile ukusiza ekutholeni ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu, okungafaka ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy noma i-immunotherapy.

Umdlavuza wezingane awulapheki ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha uma utholakala kusenesikhathi futhi awekho ama-metastases kunethuba elikhulu lokwelashwa. Yize i-leukemia iluhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni nasebusheni, oluthinta amacala angama-25 kuye kwangama-30%, i-lymphoma, umdlavuza wezinso, isimila sobuchopho, umdlavuza wemisipha, wamehlo namathambo nawo ayavela kuleli qembu lobudala.

Izimpawu Eziyinhloko Zomdlavuza Ezinganeni

Ezinye zezici eziyinhloko zezimpawu zomdlavuza ezinganeni yilezi:

• Imfiva ukukhipha ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala okuhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-8;
• Ukuqubuka nokopha ngamakhala noma ngezinsini;
• Ache umzimba noma amathambo aholela ingane enqabe ukudlala, okumenza alale phansi isikhathi esiningi, acasuke noma abe nenkinga yokulala;
• Izilimi ngokuvamile amakhulu kune-3 cm, aqinile, akhula kancane, angenabuhlungu futhi awathetheleleki ngokuba khona kokutheleleka;
• Ukuhlanza nobuhlungu ikhanda isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabiliikakhulukazi ekuseni, kuhambisana nesiginali ethile yezinzwa, njengokushintshwa kokuhamba noma ukubona, noma ikhanda elikhuliswe ngokungajwayelekile;
• Ukwandiswa kwesisu kuhambisana nobuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza nokuqunjelwa noma uhudo;
• Khulisa ivolumu yamehlo womabili noma elilodwa;
• Izimpawu zokuthomba ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njengokuvela kwezinwele zasesidlangalaleni noma ukukhuliswa kwezitho zobulili ze-Organs ngaphambi kokuthomba;
• Ukwandiswa kwekhanda, lapho i-fontanelle (isithambisi) ingakavalwa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-18;
• Igazi emchameni.

Lapho abazali bebona lolu shintsho enganeni, kunconywa ukuba umyise kudokotela ukuze akwazi uku-oda izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuze afike ekuhlolweni futhi akwazi ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, maningi namathuba okwelashwa.

Funda zonke izimpawu ze-leukemia, uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni nasebusheni.

Indlela yokwenza ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wezingane kungenziwa ngudokotela wezingane ngokususelwa kwizimpawu nokuqinisekisa ukusola, izivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: kulokhu kuhlolwa udokotela uzohlaziya amanani we-CRP, ama-leukocyte, omaka be-tumor, i-TGO, i-TGP, i-hemoglobin;
• I-computed tomography noma i-ultrasound: kungukuhlolwa kwesithombe lapho ubukhona noma izinga lokukhula komdlavuza nama-metastases;
• I-Biopsy: kuvunwa isicubu esincane esithweni lapho kusolwa khona ukuthi sithintekile futhi sahlaziywa.

Ukuxilongwa kungenziwa, ngisho nangaphambi kwezimpawu zokuqala, ngokubonisana okujwayelekile futhi, kulezi zimo, ithuba lokululama likhulu.

Yini ebanga umdlavuza ezinganeni

Umdlavuza uvame ukuvela ezinganeni ezichayeke emisebeni noma emithini lapho zikhulelwe. Amagciwane ahlobene futhi nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wobuntwana, njengeBurkitt's lymphoma, iHodgkin's lymphoma kanye negciwane elingalodwa le-Epstein-Barr, nokunye ukuguqulwa kofuzo okuthanda uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza, kepha, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwazi kahle ukuthi yini engaholela ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza ezinganeni.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wezingane

Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu, ezithinteka kakhulu ngumdlavuza zine-leukemia, kepha umdlavuza wezingane nawo uzibonakalisa ngezicubu zezinso, izimila zamangqamuzana egciwane, izicubu zesimiso sezinzwa esizwelayo kanye nezicubu zesibindi.

Ingabe umdlavuza wezingane ungalapheka?

Umdlavuza ezinganeni nasebusheni uyelapheka ezimweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi lapho abazali bekwazi ukubona izimpawu ngokushesha bese beziyisa kudokotela wezingane ukuze zihlolwe.

Izicubu zobuntwana noma zokuthomba, ezimweni eziningi, zivame ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesimila esifanayo kubantu abadala. Yize nazo zihlasela kakhulu, zisabela kangcono ekwelashweni, okuqale ukwenziwa, amathuba angcono okwelashwa uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala abanomdlavuza.

Ukwelapha umdlavuza wezingane, imvamisa kuyadingeka ukwelashwa nge-radiotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe isimila, kanti ukwelashwa kungenziwa esibhedlela seCancer esiseduzane nendawo yengane mahhala. Ukwelashwa kuhlala kuqondiswa yithimba lodokotela, njengo-oncologist, udokotela wezingane, abahlengikazi, izazi zokudla kanye nosokhemisi abathi, bebonke, bafune ukondla ingane nomndeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kufanele kufake ukwesekwa kwengqondo kwengane nabazali ukusiza ukubhekana nomuzwa wokungabi nabulungisa, izinguquko emzimbeni wengane, ngisho nokwesaba ukufa nokulahlekelwa.

Izinketho zokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza ezinganeni kuhlose ukulawula noma ukumisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, nokuwavimbela ukuthi asakaze emzimbeni ngakho-ke, kungadingeka:

• I-Radiotherapy: kusetshenziswa imisebe efana naleyo esetshenziswe kuma-X-ray, kodwa ngamandla amakhulu kunalawo asetshenziswayo ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza;
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: kunikezwa amakhambi aqinile ngesimo samaphilisi noma imijovo;
• Ukuhlinzwa: ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukukhipha isimila.
• I-Immunotherapy: lapho kunikezwa khona imishanguzo ethile ngohlobo lomdlavuza ingane enayo.

Lezi zindlela zingenziwa zodwa noma, uma kunesidingo, zihlangane ukuze ziphumelele futhi zilaphe umdlavuza.

Izimo eziningi zidinga ukuthi ingane ingeniswe esibhedlela isikhathi esihlukile, ngokwesimo sempilo yayo, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, ingane ingathola ukwelashwa emini bese ibuyela ekhaya ekugcineni.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kujwayelekile ukuthi ingane ibe nesicanucanu nokugayeka kahle komzimba, ngakho-ke bona ukuthi ungakulawula kanjani ukuphalaza nohudo enganeni elashwa umdlavuza.

Ukuxhaswa kwezingane ezinomdlavuza

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wezingane kufanele kufake ukwesekwa kwengqondo kwengane nomndeni uqobo, njengoba behlala bezwa imizwa yokudabuka, ukuvukela nokwesaba ukufa, ngaphezu kokubhekana nezinguquko ezenzeka emzimbeni, njengokulahleka kwezinwele nokuvuvukala , isibonelo.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile uku:

• Dumisa ingane nsuku zonke, ethi muhle;
• Naka ingane, ukulalela izikhalazo zakhe nokudlala naye;
• Phelezela ingane esibhedlela, ukuba eceleni kwakhe ngenkathi kwenziwa izinqubo zokwelashwa;
• Vumela ingane iye esikoleni, lapho kungenzeka;
• Gcina ukuxhumana nabantunomndeni nabangane.

Ukufunda ukuthi ungasiza kanjani ingane yakho iphile nomdlavuza funda: Ungayisiza kanjani ingane yakho ukuthi ibhekane nomdlavuza.