Izitulo ezimnyama noma ezilindile

Izindle ezimnyama noma ezilindile ezinephunga elibi ziwuphawu lwenkinga engxenyeni ephezulu yokugaya ukudla. Kuvame ukukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukopha esiswini, emathunjini amancane, noma ohlangothini lwesokudla sekoloni.

Igama elithi melena lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza lokhu okutholakele.

Ukudla i-licorice emnyama, ama-blueberries, isoseji yegazi noma ukuthatha amaphilisi e-iron, amalahle asebenzayo, noma imithi equkethe i-bismuth (njenge-Pepto-Bismol), nayo ingadala izitulo ezimnyama. Ama-beet nokudla okunombala obomvu kwesinye isikhathi kungenza indle ibonakale ibomvu. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, udokotela wakho angahlola indle ngekhemikhali ukukhipha ubukhona begazi.

Ukopha esimphagus noma esiswini (njengesifo i-peptic ulcer disease) nakho kungadala ukuthi uhlanze igazi.

Umbala wegazi ezansi ungakhombisa umthombo wokopha.

• Izitulo ezimnyama noma ezilindile kungenzeka ukuthi zibangelwa ukopha engxenyeni engenhla yepheshana le-GI (emathunjini), njenge-esophagus, isisu, noma ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane. Kulokhu, igazi limnyama ngoba liyagaywa lapho lihamba ngepheshana le-GI.
• Igazi elibomvu noma elisha esitokisini (ukuphuma kwegazi), kuyisibonakaliso sokopha okuvela kupheshana elingezansi le-GI (i-rectum ne-anus).

Izilonda ze-Peptic ziyizimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokopha okuphezulu kwe-GI. Izitulo ezimnyama nezokulinda kungenzeka futhi ngenxa ye:

• Imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile
• Ukudabula umphimbo ekuhlanzweni okunobudlova (Izinyembezi zikaMallory-Weiss)
• Ukunikezwa kwegazi kunqunywa engxenyeni yamathumbu
• Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwesisu (i-gastritis)
• Ukuhlukumezeka noma umzimba wangaphandle
• Imithambo ekhulisiwe, ekhule ngokweqile (ebizwa ngokuthi ama-varices) esiswini nasesiswini, evame ukubangelwa yi-cirrhosis yesibindi
• Umdlavuza wesisu, isisu, noma i-duodenum noma i-ampulla

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma:

• Uqaphela igazi noma ushintsho kumbala wendle yakho
• Uyahlanza igazi
• Uzizwa unesiyezi noma unekhanda elincane

Ezinganeni, inani elincane legazi esitokisini kaningi alibi kakhulu. Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuqunjelwa. Kusamele utshele umhlinzeki wengane yakho uma ubona le nkinga.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kuzogxila esiswini sakho.

Ungabuzwa le mibuzo elandelayo:

• Ngabe uthatha izinciphisi zegazi, njenge-aspirin, i-warfarin, i-Eliquis, i-Pradaxa, i-Xarelto, noma i-clopidogrel, noma imithi efana nayo? Ingabe uthatha i-NSAID, efana ne-ibuprofen noma i-naproxen?
• Wake wahlukumezeka noma wagwinya into engaziwa ngengozi?
• Usuyidlile i-licorice emnyama, ihola, iPepto-Bismol, noma ama-blueberries?
• Uke waba neziqephu zegazi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa esitokisini sakho? Ngabe zonke izihlalo zinje?
• Ngabe ulahlekelwe isisindo muva nje?
• Ngabe kukhona igazi ephepheni lasendlini yangasese kuphela?
• Isitokisi sinombala onjani?
• Inkinga yaqala nini?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezikhona (ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza igazi, ukuqunjelwa, igesi eyeqile, isifo sohudo, noma umkhuhlane)?

Ungahle udinge ukuthi ube nohlolo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze ubheke imbangela:

• I-Angiography
• Ukuskena ukopha (umuthi wenuzi)
• Izifundo zegazi, kufaka phakathi ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) nokwehluka, amakhemikhali e-serum, izifundo ezijiyisayo
• Colonoscopy
• I-Esophagogastroduodenoscopy noma i-EGD
• Isiko le-Stool
• Ukuhlolwa kobukhona be I-Helicobacter pylori ukutheleleka
• I-Capsule endoscopy (iphilisi enekhamera eyakhiwe ethatha ividiyo yamathumbu amancane)
• I-double balloon enteroscopy (ubukhulu obungafinyelela ezingxenyeni zamathumbu amancane ezingakwazi ukufinyelelwa nge-EGD noma i-colonoscopy)

Izimo ezinzima zokopha ezidala ukulahleka kwegazi ngokweqile kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi yegazi kungadinga ukuhlinzwa noma ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Izindle - ezinegazi; UMelena; Izindle - ezimnyama noma ezilindile; Ukopha okuphezulu emathunjini; Izitulo zeMelenic

• I-diverticulitis ne-diverticulosis - ukukhipha
• I-Diverticulitis - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• I-ulcerative colitis - ukuphuma

UChaptini L, uPeikin S. Ukopha emathunjini. Ku: Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP, ama-eds. Imithi Yokunakekelwa Okubalulekile: Izimiso Zokuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwabantu Abadala. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 72.

IKovacs TO, iJensen DM. Ukopha emathunjini. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 126.

UMeguerdichian DA, uGoralnick E. Ukopha emathunjini. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 27.

Igcina iTJ, Jensen DM. Ukopha emathunjini. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. Si-leisenger ne-Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 20.