Okufanele Ukwazi Ngokuquleka

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuquleka?
• Ukuquleka kokuqala okugxile
• Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kokuqala
• Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala okungaziwa
• Ziyini izimpawu zokuquleka?
• Yini ebangela ukuquleka?
• Iyini imiphumela yokuquleka?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukuthi ukuquleka?
• Kuphathwa kanjani ukuquleka?
• Umsiza kanjani umuntu oqulekile?
• Ngemuva kokuquleka
• Amathiphu okuphila nesifo sokuwa
• Fundisa abangane nomndeni
• Thola izindlela zokugcina impilo yakho yamanje
• Amanye amathiphu
• Amathiphu okunakekela umuntu onesifo sokuwa
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuquleka?

Kuyini ukuquleka?

Ukuquleka yizinguquko emsebenzini kagesi wobuchopho. Lezi zinguquko zingadala izimpawu ezinkulu, ezibonakalayo, noma kwezinye izimo kungabikho zimpawu nhlobo.

Izimpawu zokubanjwa ngamandla zihlanganisa ukuzamazama okunamandla nokuhluleka ukulawula. Kodwa-ke, ukuquleka okuncane nakho kungaba uphawu lwenkinga enkulu yezokwelapha, ngakho-ke ukukuqaphela kubalulekile.

Ngoba okunye ukuquleka kungaholela ekulimaleni noma kube wuphawu lwesimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa uma uhlangabezana nakho.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuquleka?

I-International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) yethule izigaba ezibuyekeziwe ngo-2017 ezichaza kangcono izinhlobo eziningi zokubanjwa. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu manje sezibizwa ngokuhlaselwa kokuqala kokugxila kanye nokuhlaselwa kokuqala okujwayelekile.

Ukuquleka kokuqala okugxile

Ukuquleka kokuqala okugxile ekusetshenzisweni ukubizwa njengokuhlaselwa kokuqala okuncane. Zenzeka endaweni eyodwa yobuchopho.

Uma wazi ukuthi unesifo sokudlikiza, kubizwa ngokuthi i-focal seizure. Uma ungazi ukuthi ukuquleka kwenzeka nini, kwaziwa njengokudlikiza kokuqwashisa okungakhethi kahle.

Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kokuqala

Lokhu kubanjwa kuqala ezinhlangothini zombili zobuchopho ngasikhathi sinye. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokubanjwa kokuqala kokujwayelekile kukhona i-tonic-clonic, ukungabikho, ne-atonic.

• I-Tonic-clonic: Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi ukuquleka okukhulu kwe-mal. “I-Tonic” isho ukuqina kwemisipha. “I-Clonic” ibhekise ekunyakazeni kwengalo nemilenze okunyakazayo ngesikhathi sokudlikizela. Kungenzeka ulahlekelwe ukwazi ngesikhathi sokubanjwa okungahlala imizuzu embalwa.
• Ukungabikho: Futhi okubizwa ngokuhlaselwa kwe-petit-mal, lokhu kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Zingakubangela ukuthi ucwayize kaninginingi noma ubheke emkhathini. Abanye abantu bangacabanga ngephutha ukuthi uphupha emini.
• I-Atonic: Phakathi nalokhu kubanjwa, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukwehla kwethonsi, imisipha yakho ivele ixege. Ikhanda lakho lingaduma noma umzimba wakho wonke ungawela phansi. Ukuquleka kwe-Atonic kufushane, kuhlala cishe imizuzwana eyi-15.

Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala okungaziwa

Kwesinye isikhathi akekho obona ukuqala kokuquleka. Isibonelo, othile angavuka phakathi kwamabili abone ukuthi umlingani wakhe uqulekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuhlaselwa kokuqala okungaziwa. Azihlukaniswanga ngenxa yolwazi olunganele mayelana nokuthi aqale kanjani.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuquleka?

Ungathola kokubili ukuquleka okugxile nokwenziwe ngasikhathi sinye, noma okukodwa kungenzeka ngaphambi kokunye. Izimpawu zingahlala noma kuphi ukusuka kumasekhondi ambalwa kuya kumizuzu engu-15 isiqephu ngasinye.

Kwesinye isikhathi, izimpawu zenzeka ngaphambi kokuquleka kwenzeka. Lokhu kungafaka:

• umuzwa ongazelelwe wokwesaba noma wokukhathazeka
• umuzwa wokugula esiswini sakho
• isiyezi
• ushintsho embonweni
• ukunyakaza okuxakile kwezingalo nemilenze okungadala ukuthi ulahle izinto
• ukuzwa komzimba
• ikhanda elibuhlungu

Izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi ukuquleka kuyaqhubeka zifaka:

• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, kulandele ukudideka
• ukuba nemisipha engalawuleki
• ukumunca amathe noma ukugcobisa emlonyeni
• ukuwa
• ukunambitheka okungajwayelekile emlonyeni wakho
• uqinisa amazinyo
• iluma ulimi lwakho
• ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, okusheshayo
• ukwenza imisindo engajwayelekile, njengokukhononda
• ukulahlekelwa ukulawula kwesinye noma ukusebenza kwamathumbu
• ukushintsha kwemizwelo kungazelelwe

Yini ebangela ukuquleka?

Ukuquleka kungavela ezimeni eziningi zezempilo. Noma yini ethinta umzimba nayo ingaphazamisa ubuchopho futhi iholele ekubanjweni. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• ukuhoxiswa kotshwala
• ukutheleleka kobuchopho, njenge-meningitis
• ukulimala ebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokubeletha
• ukukhubazeka kobuchopho okukhona lapho kuzalwa
• ukuminza
• ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa
• ukuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa
• ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte
• ukushaqeka kukagesi
• isithuthwane
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokweqile
• umkhuhlane
• ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda
• ukwehluleka kwezinso noma kwesibindi
• amazinga eglucose egazi aphansi
• isifo sohlangothi
• isimila ebuchosheni
• ukungajwayelekile kwemithambo ebuchosheni

Ukuquleka kungagijima emindenini. Tshela udokotela wakho uma wena noma omunye emndenini wakho enomlando wokuwa. Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ngezingane ezincane, imbangela yokushaqeka kungenzeka ingaziwa.

Iyini imiphumela yokuquleka?

Uma ungatholi ukwelashwa kokuquleka, izimpawu zawo zingaba zimbi futhi ziqhubeke ngokuya isikhathi eside. Ukuquleka okude kakhulu kungaholela ku-coma noma ekufeni.

Ukuquleka nakho kungaholela ekulimaleni, njengokuwa noma ukuhlukumezeka emzimbeni. Kubalulekile ukugqoka isongo likamazisi wezokwelapha elitshela abezimo eziphuthumayo ukuthi unesifo sokuwa.

Kutholakala kanjani ukuthi ukuquleka?

Odokotela bangaba nesikhathi esinzima sokuthola izinhlobo zokuquleka. Udokotela wakho angancoma izivivinyo ezithile ukuxilonga ukuquleka ngokunembile nokusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha abazincomayo zizosebenza kahle.

Udokotela wakho uzobheka umlando wakho ogcwele wezokwelapha kanye nemicimbi eholela ekubambeni. Isibonelo, izimo ezinjengokuphathwa yikhanda le-migraine, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo okwedlulele kungadala izimpawu ezifana nokuquleka.

Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukukhipha ezinye izimo ezingadala umsebenzi onjengokuquleka. Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte
• umpompi womgogodla ukukhipha ukutheleleka
• ukuhlolwa kwe-toxicology ukuhlola izidakamizwa, ubuthi, noma ubuthi

I-electroencephalogram (i-EEG) ingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlolisise ukuquleka. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukala amagagasi akho obuchopho. Ukubuka amagagasi obuchopho ngesikhathi sokuquleka kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthola uhlobo lokuquleka.

Ukufanekisa izithombe ezinjenge-CT scan noma i-MRI scan nakho kungasiza ngokunikeza isithombe esicacile sobuchopho. Lezi zikeni zivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ukungajwayelekile njengokuhamba kwegazi okuvinjiwe noma isimila.

Kuphathwa kanjani ukuquleka?

Ukwelashwa kokuquleka kuncike embangela. Ngokuphatha imbangela yokuhlaselwa, ungakwazi ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kwesikhathi esizayo ukuthi kungenzeki. Ukwelashwa kokuquleka ngenxa yesithuthwane kufaka:

• imithi
• ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa ukungajwayelekile kobuchopho
• ukugqugquzela izinzwa
• ukudla okukhethekile, okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-ketogenic diet

Ngokwelashwa okuvamile, unganciphisa noma uyeke izimpawu zokubamba.

Umsiza kanjani umuntu oqulekile?

Sula indawo ezungeze umuntu oqulekile ukuvimbela ukulimala okungenzeka. Uma kungenzeka, zibeke ohlangothini lwazo futhi unikeze nokuvikela ikhanda labo.

Hlala nalo muntu, bese ushayela u-911 ngokushesha okukhulu uma kukhona okunye kwalokhu okusebenzayo:

• Ukubanjwa kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emithathu.
• Abavuki ngemuva kokubanjwa
• Bathola ukuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe.
• Ukuquleka kwenzeka kumuntu okhulelwe.
• Ukuquleka kwenzeka kumuntu ongakaze abanjwe.

Kubalulekile ukuhlala uzolile. Ngenkathi ingekho indlela yokumisa ukuquleka uma sekuqalile, unganikeza usizo. Nakhu okunconywa yi-American Academy of Neurology:

• Ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukubona izimpawu zokuquleka, gcina isikhathi. Ukuquleka okuningi kuhlala phakathi kwemizuzu eyodwa kuya kwemibili. Uma umuntu ephethwe yisifo sokuwa futhi ukuquleka kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emithathu, shayela ku-911.
• Uma umuntu obanjiwe emi, ungamvimbela ekuweni noma ekuzilimazeni ngokumbamba noma ngokumqondisa ngobumnene phansi.
• Qiniseka ukuthi bakude nefenisha noma ezinye izinto ezingawela kubo noma zilimaze.
• Uma umuntu obanjwe yisifo sokuwa esesemhlabathini, zama ukubabeka ohlangothini lwabo ukuze amathe noma ahlanze aphume ngomlomo esikhundleni sokuncipha komoya wakhe.
• Ungafaki lutho emlonyeni womuntu.
• Ungazami ukuzibamba ngenkathi zisabanjwa.

Ngemuva kokuquleka

Uma ukuquleka kuphelile, nakhu okumele ukwenze:

• Hlola umuntu ukuthi akalimalanga yini.
• Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuguqula umuntu aye ngasohlangothini lwabo ngesikhathi sokudlikiza kwabo, kwenze lokho lapho ukudlikiza sekuphelile.
• Sebenzisa umunwe wakho ukusula umlomo wabo ngamathe noma ukuhlanza uma benenkinga yokuphefumula, futhi ukhulule noma yiziphi izingubo eziqinile entanyeni nasezihlakaleni.
• Hlala nabo baze bavuke ngokuphelele futhi baphapheme.
• Banikeze indawo ephephile nenethezekile yokuphumula.
• Ungabaniki noma yini ukuthi badle noma baphuze baze babe nolwazi oluphelele futhi bazi indawo ebazungezile.
• Babuze ukuthi bakuphi, bangobani, nokuthi usuku luni. Kungathatha imizuzu eminingana ukuthi uqaphele ngokugcwele futhi ukwazi ukuphendula imibuzo yakho.

Amathiphu okuphila nesifo sokuwa

Kungaba yinselele ukuhlala nesithuthwane. Kepha uma unokusekelwa okulungile, kungenzeka ukuthi uphile impilo ephelele futhi enempilo.

Fundisa abangane nomndeni

Fundisa abangani bakho nomndeni wakho kabanzi ngesithuthwane nokuthi bangakunakekela kanjani ngenkathi ukuqubuka kwenzeka.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala njengokugoqa ikhanda lakho, ukukhulula izingubo eziqinile, nokukujikisa ngasohlangothini lwakho uma ukuhlanza kwenzeka.

Thola izindlela zokugcina impilo yakho yamanje

Qhubeka nemisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile uma kungenzeka, futhi uthole izindlela zokusebenza eduze kwesifo sakho sokuwa ukuze ukwazi ukugcina indlela yakho yokuphila.

Isibonelo, uma ungasavunyelwe ukushayela ngoba unesifo sokuwa, ungahle uthathe isinqumo sokuthuthela endaweni ehamba kalula noma enezinto zokuhamba zomphakathi ezinhle noma usebenzise izinsizakalo zokwabelana ngokuhamba ukuze ukwazi ukuhamba.

Amanye amathiphu

• Thola udokotela omuhle owenza uzizwe ukhululekile.
• Zama amasu okuphumula njenge-yoga, ukuzindla, i-tai chi, noma ukuphefumula okujulile.
• Thola iqembu lokuxhaswa yisifo sokuwa. Ungathola eyasendaweni ngokubheka ku-inthanethi noma ngokucela izincomo kudokotela wakho.

Amathiphu okunakekela umuntu onesifo sokuwa

Uma uhlala nomuntu onesifo sokuwa, kunezinto ongazenza ukusiza lowo muntu:

• Funda ngesimo sabo.
• Yenza uhlu lwemithi yabo, ukuqokwa kodokotela, nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile lwezokwelapha.
• Khuluma nomuntu ngesimo sakhe nokuthi iyiphi indima angathanda ukuthi uyidlale ekusizeni.

Uma udinga usizo, thintana nodokotela wabo noma iqembu lokuxhaswa yisifo sokuwa. I-Epilepsy Foundation ingenye imithombo ewusizo.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuquleka?

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuquleka akuvikeleki. Kodwa-ke, ukugcina impilo enempilo kungakunika ithuba elihle lokunciphisa ubungozi bakho. Ungenza okulandelayo:

• Lala kakhulu.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo futhi uhlale unamanzi amaningi.
• Vocavoca umzimba njalo.
• Zibandakanye nezindlela zokunciphisa ingcindezi.
• Gwema ukudla izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.

Uma unemishanguzo yesifo sokuwa noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, yithathe njengoba kuncoma udokotela wakho.